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The life cycles are complex, involving humans, animal reservoirs, and two kinds of intermediate hosts. An interplay of biological, cultural, ecological, economic, and social factors drives transmission. Chronic infections are associated with liver and biliary complications, most importantly cholangiocarcinoma. With regard to diagnosis, stool microscopy is widely used in epidemiologic surveys and for individual diagnosis. Immunologic techniques are employed for screening purposes, and molecular techniques facilitate species differentiation in reference laboratories. The mainstay of control is preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel, usually combined with behavioral change through information, education and communication, and environmental control. Tribendimidine, a drug registered in the People\u2019s Republic of China for soil-transmitted helminth infections, shows potential against both\n                    <jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic>\n                    and, hence, warrants further clinical development. Novel control approaches include fish vaccine and biological control. Considerable advances have been made using multi-omics which may trigger the development of new interventions. Pressing research needs include mapping the current distribution, disentangling the transmission, accurately estimating the disease burden, and developing new diagnostic and treatment tools, which would aid to optimize control and elimination measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00009-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T09:00:17Z","timestamp":1704272417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, morbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and control"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3027-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Men-Bao","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Utzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Nong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001920"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"WHO. 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