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It soon became apparent that AIDS was also associated with an increased incidence of high-grade lymphomas caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The association of AIDS with KS remained a mystery for more than a decade until Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was discovered and found to be the cause of KS. KSHV was subsequently found to cause several other diseases associated with AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. People living with HIV\/AIDS continue to have an increased incidence of certain cancers, and many of these cancers are caused by EBV and\/or KSHV. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of cancers caused by EBV and KSHV in persons living with HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00022-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T09:01:52Z","timestamp":1718874112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["HIV-associated cancers and lymphoproliferative disorders caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Lurain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya","family":"Ramaswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-522X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurie T.","family":"Krug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Whitby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Ziegelbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3057-1395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Yarchoan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"250","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia--Los Angeles","volume":"30","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1981","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. 1981. 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