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Due to the predominantly zoonotic importance of infection, the main efforts in many countries have focused on the control of Trichinella or the elimination of<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>from the food chain. The most important source of human infection worldwide is the domestic pig, but, e.g., in Europe, meats of horses and wild boars have played a significant role during outbreaks within the past 3 decades. Infection of humans occurs with the ingestion of<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>larvae that are encysted in muscle tissue of domestic or wild animal meat. Early clinical diagnosis of trichinellosis is rather difficult because pathognomonic signs or symptoms are lacking. Subsequent chronic forms of the disease are not easy to diagnose, irrespective of parameters including clinical findings, laboratory findings (nonspecific laboratory parameters such as eosinophilia, muscle enzymes, and serology), and epidemiological investigations. New regulations laying down rules for official controls for<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>in meat in order to improve food safety for consumers have recently been released in Europe. The evidence that the disease can be monitored and to some extent controlled with a rigorous reporting and testing system in place should be motivation to expand appropriate programs worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00026-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,9]],"date-time":"2009-01-09T00:23:29Z","timestamp":1231460609000},"page":"127-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":684,"title":["Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control of Trichinellosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Gottstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Bern, Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanita, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pozio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Bern, Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanita, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"No\u0308ckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Bern, Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanita, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01158.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"EO51013.3","volume":"10","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ancelle, T., A. 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