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Up to 20 million humans are estimated to be infected worldwide. Besides humans, definitive hosts of<jats:italic>Diphyllobothrium<\/jats:italic>include piscivorous birds and mammals, which represent a significant zoonotic reservoir. The second intermediate hosts include both freshwater and marine fish, especially anadromous species such as salmonids. The zoonosis occurs most commonly in countries where the consumption of raw or marinated fish is a frequent practice. Due to the increasing popularity of dishes utilizing uncooked fish, numerous cases of human infections have appeared recently, even in the most developed countries. As many as 14 valid species of<jats:italic>Diphyllobothrium<\/jats:italic>can cause human diphyllobothriosis, with<jats:italic>D. latum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>D. nihonkaiense<\/jats:italic>being the most important pathogens. In this paper, all taxa from humans reported are reviewed, with brief information on their life history and their current distribution. Data on diagnostics, epidemiology, clinical relevance, and control of the disease are also summarized. The importance of reliable identification of human-infecting species with molecular tools (sequences of mitochondrial genes) as well as the necessity of epidemiological studies aimed at determining the sources of infections are pointed out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00033-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,9]],"date-time":"2009-01-09T00:23:29Z","timestamp":1231460609000},"page":"146-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["Update on the Human Broad Tapeworm (Genus<i>Diphyllobothrium<\/i>), Including Clinical Relevance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Toma\u0301s\u030c","family":"Scholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branis\u030covska\u0301 31, 370 05 C\u030ceske\u0301 Bude\u0306jovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurolo\u0301gicas and Instituto Peruano de Parasitologi\u0301a Clinica y Experimental, Av. H. Delgado 430, SMP, Lima 31, Peru"},{"name":"Istituto Cantonale di Microbiologia, Via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Gene\u0300ve, De\u0301partement de Biologie Ve\u0301ge\u0301tale, Quai Ernset-Ansermet 30, 1211 Gene\u0300ve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector H.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branis\u030covska\u0301 31, 370 05 C\u030ceske\u0301 Bude\u0306jovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurolo\u0301gicas and Instituto Peruano de Parasitologi\u0301a Clinica y Experimental, Av. H. Delgado 430, SMP, Lima 31, Peru"},{"name":"Istituto Cantonale di Microbiologia, Via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Gene\u0300ve, De\u0301partement de Biologie Ve\u0301ge\u0301tale, Quai Ernset-Ansermet 30, 1211 Gene\u0300ve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Kuchta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branis\u030covska\u0301 31, 370 05 C\u030ceske\u0301 Bude\u0306jovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurolo\u0301gicas and Instituto Peruano de Parasitologi\u0301a Clinica y Experimental, Av. H. Delgado 430, SMP, Lima 31, Peru"},{"name":"Istituto Cantonale di Microbiologia, Via Mirasole 22a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Gene\u0300ve, De\u0301partement de Biologie Ve\u0301ge\u0301tale, Quai Ernset-Ansermet 30, 1211 Gene\u0300ve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Wicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branis\u030covska\u0301 31, 370 05 C\u030ceske\u0301 Bude\u0306jovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurolo\u0301gicas and Instituto Peruano de Parasitologi\u0301a Clinica y Experimental, Av. H. 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