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As a result, physicians have turned to older antibiotics, such as polymyxins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. Lately, due to development of resistance to these agents, fosfomycin has gained attention, as it has remained active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR and XDR bacteria. New data of higher quality have become available, and several issues were clarified further. In this review, we summarize the available fosfomycin data regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mechanisms of resistance and development of resistance during treatment, synergy and antagonism with other antibiotics, clinical effectiveness, and adverse events. Issues that need to be studied further are also discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00068-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T22:38:36Z","timestamp":1457563116000},"page":"321-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":579,"title":["Fosfomycin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Falagas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Iaso General Hospital, Iaso Group, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evridiki K.","family":"Vouloumanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Samonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos Z.","family":"Vardakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Iaso General Hospital, Iaso Group, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.166.3901.122"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527442"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1201\/b13787-84","volume-title":"Kucers' The use of antibiotics","author":"Frimodt-Moller N","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frimodt-Moller N . 2010. 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