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Several studies have reported different degrees of pathogenicity and virulence among<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>species and isolates of the same species as well as evidence of variation in host susceptibility to infection. The identification and validation of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>virulence factors have been hindered by the renowned difficulties pertaining to the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>culture and genetic manipulation of this parasite. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made in identifying putative virulence factors for<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>. This progress has been accelerated since the publication of the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. hominis<\/jats:named-content>genomes, with the characterization of over 25 putative virulence factors identified by using a variety of immunological and molecular techniques and which are proposed to be involved in aspects of host-pathogen interactions from adhesion and locomotion to invasion and proliferation. Progress has also been made in the contribution of host factors that are associated with variations in both the severity and risk of infection. Here we provide a review comprised of the current state of knowledge on<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>infectivity, pathogenesis, and transmissibility in light of our contemporary understanding of microbial virulence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00076-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T17:34:20Z","timestamp":1357666460000},"page":"115-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":480,"title":["Cryptosporidium Pathogenicity and Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Maha","family":"Bouzid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.1.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-002-0364-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"506","article-title":"A component of tubercle bacilli concerned with their virulence","volume":"26","author":"Bloch H","year":"1950","unstructured":"Bloch H . 1950. 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