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The reasons why dental root canal infections can become symptomatic and evolve to severe spreading and sometimes life-threatening abscesses remain elusive. Studies using culture and advanced molecular microbiology methods for microbial identification in apical abscesses have demonstrated a multispecies community conspicuously dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Species\/phylotypes commonly found in these infections belong to the genera\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Fusobacterium<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Parvimonas<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Prevotella<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Porphyromonas<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Dialister<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Treponema<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and computational biology have substantially enhanced the knowledge of the microbiota associated with acute apical abscesses and shed some light on the etiopathogeny of this disease. Species richness and abundance and the resulting network of interactions among community members may affect the collective pathogenicity and contribute to the development of acute infections. Disease modifiers, including transient or permanent host-related factors, may also influence the development and severity of acute abscesses. This review focuses on the current evidence about the etiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses and how the process is influenced by host-related factors and proposes future directions in research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches to deal with this disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00082-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T14:12:14Z","timestamp":1364998334000},"page":"255-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":239,"title":["Microbiology and Treatment of Acute Apical Abscesses"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"26","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela N.","family":"R\u00f4\u00e7as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Endodontics. 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