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Despite the fact that these microorganisms have been habitually found within placentae of pregnancies with chorioamnionitis, the role of\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ureaplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n                      species as a causative agent has not been satisfactorily explained. There is also controversy surrounding their role in disease, particularly as not all women infected with\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ureaplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n                      spp. develop chorioamnionitis. In this review, we provide evidence that\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ureaplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n                      spp. are associated with diseases of pregnancy and discuss recent findings which demonstrate that\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ureaplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n                      spp. are associated with chorioamnionitis, regardless of gestational age at the time of delivery. Here, we also discuss the proposed major virulence factors of\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ureaplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n                      spp., with a focus on the multiple-banded antigen (MBA), which may facilitate modulation\/alteration of the host immune response and potentially explain why only subpopulations of infected women experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. The information presented within this review confirms that\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ureaplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n                      spp. are not simply \u201cinnocent bystanders\u201d in disease and highlights that these microorganisms are an often underestimated pathogen of pregnancy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00091-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T10:57:47Z","timestamp":1516013867000},"page":"349-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["The Human Ureaplasma Species as Causative Agents of Chorioamnionitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5119-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Dando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhas G.","family":"Kallapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, the Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191503"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2014-0249"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2015-0119"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031819"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0186"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-003-7070-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001246"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23941-0_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1389.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"1127","article-title":"The anatomy of the human amnion and chorion","volume":"59","author":"Bourne GL","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bourne GL . 1966. 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