{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:23:30Z","timestamp":1791861810952,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":253,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Microbiol Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>is an infectious protozoan parasite related to African and American trypanosomes. All<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>species that are pathogenic to humans can cause dermal disease. When one is confronted with cutaneous leishmaniasis, identification of the causative species is relevant in both clinical and epidemiological studies, case management, and control. This review gives an overview of the currently existing and most used assays for species discrimination, with a critical appraisal of the limitations of each technique. The consensus taxonomy for the genus is outlined, including debatable species designations. Finally, a numerical literature analysis is presented that describes which methods are most used in various countries and regions in the world, and for which purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00104-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,12]],"date-time":"2015-02-12T05:18:29Z","timestamp":1423718309000},"page":"265-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Species Typing in Dermal Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Gert","family":"Van der Auwera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Dujardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Antwerp University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.04925.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.060242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.060773"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.30.20545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008005000016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9292-6-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"Leishmaniasis\u2014a guide for disease management","author":"Buffet P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buffet P . 2010. Leishmaniasis\u2014a guide for disease management. Sanofi Aventis, Paris, France."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","volume-title":"Control of Chagas disease, WHO technical report series 905","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2002. Control of Chagas disease, WHO technical report series 905. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02029-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"421","article-title":"Taxonomy of Leishmania and geographical distribution of leishmaniasis","volume":"127","author":"Dedet J","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dedet J , Pratlong F . 2000. Taxonomy of Leishmania and geographical distribution of leishmaniasis. Ann Dermatol Venereol 127:421\u2013424.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990653111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(06)64001-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","volume-title":"On the origin of species by means of natural selection","author":"Darwin C","year":"1859","unstructured":"Darwin C . 1859. On the origin of species by means of natural selection. John Murray, London, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01695.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.573"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080689"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761997000500002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05716.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(95)00094-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001888"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001448"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05162.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904420106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.038745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00039.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703678104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01637-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012001825"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90173-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02336.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02936-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90249-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90025-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05061-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","volume-title":"Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22 to 26 March 2010","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2010. Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22 to 26 March 2010. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.30.20543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010001538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.123430.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-7-31"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1435-1439.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000083839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.749"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.1076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200100871X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.9.4077-4082.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90168-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.3.926","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish subspecies of Leishmania braziliensis","volume":"129","author":"McMahon-Pratt D","year":"1982","unstructured":"McMahon-Pratt D , Bennett E , David JR . 1982. Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish subspecies of Leishmania braziliensis . J Immunol 129:926\u2013927.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X229103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02361.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.1.440","article-title":"Production and characterization of species-specific monoclonal antibodies against Leishmania donovani for immunodiagnosis","volume":"133","author":"Jaffe CL","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jaffe CL , Bennett E , Grimaldi G, Jr , McMahon-Pratt D . 1984. Production and characterization of species-specific monoclonal antibodies against Leishmania donovani for immunodiagnosis. J Immunol 133:440\u2013447.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.3.1935","article-title":"Subspecies- and species-specific antigens of Leishmania mexicana characterized by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"134","author":"McMahon-Pratt D","year":"1985","unstructured":"McMahon-Pratt D , Bennett E , Grimaldi G , Jaffe CL . 1985. Subspecies- and species-specific antigens of Leishmania mexicana characterized by monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol 134:1935\u20131940.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761996000100006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90029-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000300005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00553-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.r00764-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001956"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00951-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(01)00310-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(98)00009-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90093-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00216-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01177-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00093-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1071-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02121.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.459-467.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00108-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034980050152085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Identification of Leishmania species isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis using PCR method","volume":"9","author":"Rahbarian N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rahbarian N , Mesgarian A , Mahmoudi RM , Hajaran H , Shahbazi F , Mesgarian Z , Taghipour N . 2009. Identification of Leishmania species isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis using PCR method. J Res Health Sci 9:48\u201351.","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1994.tb06085.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1529-1535.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"Development and application of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of Leishmania parasites in clinical material","volume":"70","author":"Meredith SEO","year":"1993","unstructured":"Meredith SEO , Zijlstra EE , Schoone GJ , Kroon CCM , van Eys GJJM , Schaeffer KU , el-Hassan AM , Lawyer PG . 1993. Development and application of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of Leishmania parasites in clinical material. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 70:419\u2013431.","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90208-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2208-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000700011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90074-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2011.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00036-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761994000300032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.2877-2881.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.1933-1938.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90057-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0036554021000026930"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110026746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00025-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761996000300005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.22.6999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000062478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90031-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1819-1823.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.3.849-854.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(92)90006-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.08-0265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991752"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(02)00099-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813002677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004004792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02555-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00498-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1999.00244.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90031-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098002789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001007466"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2004.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02199-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01559-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/382049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2006.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.1746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v28i4.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-58"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2294-2297.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010000089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1463-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000500014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2014.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-87"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(94)90153-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3147-3153.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0500-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00040-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_212_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_214_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03065.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_215_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.540-546.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_218_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(02)00213-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_221_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00097-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_222_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.10.2551-2555.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_224_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00663-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_226_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_227_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02414.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00111-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_229_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_230_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00128-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_232_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_235_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_236_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_237_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_238_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00645-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_239_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009006465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06557.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_241_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1999.4355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_242_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_243_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(99)01659-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_244_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_245_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.10-0558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_246_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_247_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_248_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_249_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2010.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_250_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_251_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001512"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_252_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_253_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/805108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_254_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CMR.00104-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CMR.00104-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T10:05:43Z","timestamp":1691229943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CMR.00104-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":253,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CMR.00104-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00104-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-8512","1098-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-8512","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}