{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:26:42Z","timestamp":1792099602307,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":500,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001821","name":"Vienna Science and Technology Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["10.47379\/LS18053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.47379\/LS18053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001821","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"EC | European Research Council","award":["714366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["714366"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FT210100266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT210100266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Microbiol Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00133-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T09:00:22Z","timestamp":1720774822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-9713","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Jandl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Dighe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Gasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Makristathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1996-4646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Muttenthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0498-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.080"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002533"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00427"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00494"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312297"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2017.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0759-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059260"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-012420-105020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/mehd.v26.26191"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302578"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.096651.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2017.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-021-1004-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4185"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00428"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjbiofilms.2015.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MB-0001-2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00397-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00268-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05514"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsm024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Biofilms: a survival strategy of bacteria","volume":"85","author":"Prakash B","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prakash B, Veeregowda BM, Krishnappa G. 2003. Biofilms: a survival strategy of bacteria. Curr Sci 85:1299\u20131307.","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03287.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2017.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90516.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2020.1788352"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/420823"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200411000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.15.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.538077"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24624"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.131001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2005.00769.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02636-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5462"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0385-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0158-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160705"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01913120490275196"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3552"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah3648"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.624622"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111147108"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002480000057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0494-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0533-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020059"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00946-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00014-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2109"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00043-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127149"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11220"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0792-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25889"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00387"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65481-8_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030452"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2016.1169402"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222981"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00460-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1145374"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0186-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06279"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05421.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120302519"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00150.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02331-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.1.336"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00103.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12984"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01367-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00717"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00957-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00470-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023479"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002925"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03022-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00657-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-021-01904-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiab096"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126836"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04650-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01365-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2005.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2012.637"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2021.02.741"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30333-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12938"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327736"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30217-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abp9960"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326789"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.92.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00248"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-017-0040-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0148-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.073817"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy116"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3380-3389.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00451-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.30294"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706625104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3970"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406199111"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro821"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124196"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01655"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.801892"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-019-0341-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.733992"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.748839"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20330"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9461-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15154"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i23.3562"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-202"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.761981"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.281"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12539"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph8030504"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00327-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01908"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.600886"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2819"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006440"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-17-0451"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00438-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02161-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00962.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2016.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119462"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu787"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00551-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux048"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1786-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1897209"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03539-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.683464"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00184-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02084"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02991-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0129-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30418-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2229937"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-012-0138-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020402"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842x(96)10057-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3738"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_202_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"The gastric mucosal barrier","volume":"11","author":"Clamp JR","year":"1989","unstructured":"Clamp JR, Ene D. 1989. The gastric mucosal barrier. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 11 Suppl 1:19\u201325.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5474.2222"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.16.1.301"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-015-0329-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab4176"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/82717"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102901"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_212_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-11-4321"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1998\/68382"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_214_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101314"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_215_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.3.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6737-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2011.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_218_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00310"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415389a"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_221_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_222_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0282(1998)47:6<451::AID-BIP4>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_224_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-9781(01)00498-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02866"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_226_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.062336606"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_227_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406154200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi201043j"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_229_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja5057906"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_230_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020813"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560030902"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_232_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-5890(03)00157-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.2.176"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218831"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_235_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.1.269-275.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_236_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.6.2396-2401.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_237_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0888-7543(02)00034-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_238_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042692699"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_239_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5540-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00696.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_241_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.2740-2745.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_242_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)01123-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_243_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02543.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_244_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200307000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_245_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2008.02071.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_246_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32801182c2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_247_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200207000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_248_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/43088"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_249_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02559.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_250_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008557200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_251_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0865fje"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_252_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09674"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_253_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81895-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_254_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_255_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(00)76448-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_256_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18761"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_257_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-002-0350-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_258_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2006.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_259_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/moh.0b013e32831ac517"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_260_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00634-l"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_261_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.9.3086"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_262_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2274"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_263_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.953-963.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_264_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.6.3718"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_265_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.9.2206"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_266_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/84627"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_267_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0704380"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_268_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.9.5.972-982.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_269_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.549"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_270_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000315915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_271_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002269"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_272_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01398.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_273_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.7.3883"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_274_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526514666140522113337"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_275_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_276_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016461102140917122421"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_277_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7692-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_278_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1455790"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_279_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_280_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02261"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_281_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.17.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_282_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920109787048616"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_283_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_284_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101230100003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_285_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-011-9963-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_286_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-9084(02)01417-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_287_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203043379549"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_288_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.075689-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_289_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.167.2.439-446.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_290_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1992.tb04981.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_291_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.161556"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_292_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614554919"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_293_2","first-page":"277","volume-title":"The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: causes and threats","author":"Ventola CL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ventola CL. 2015. The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: causes and threats, p 277\u2013283"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_294_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_295_2","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019","author":"CDC","year":"2019","unstructured":"CDC. 2019. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. Prevention CfDCa."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_297_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_298_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00649-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_299_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(00)01913-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_300_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_301_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/fty023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_302_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00320-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_303_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.7.1818-1824.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_304_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.3.640-646.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_305_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00913"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_306_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(87)90349-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_307_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_308_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02008-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_309_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35021219"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_310_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_311_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00682-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_312_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020131"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_313_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153616"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_314_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)74210-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_315_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_316_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1557"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_317_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0048-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_318_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01655-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_319_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143423"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_320_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_321_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03432.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_322_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01310-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_323_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02762"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_324_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01197-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_325_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01600-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_326_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105459"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_327_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjbiofilms.2016.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_328_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340244"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_329_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-144972"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_330_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00016-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_331_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2013.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_332_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00346-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_333_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12673"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_334_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06152.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_335_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656788"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_336_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00102-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_337_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_338_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_339_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1015-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_340_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518818480"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_341_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8030103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_342_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_343_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00359"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_344_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00824"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_345_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.676458"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_346_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.242"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_347_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054872"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_348_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1222-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_349_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.ESP-0033-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_350_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22972"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_351_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00035-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_352_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.631058"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_353_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2020.1776856"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_354_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02854"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_355_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00742"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_356_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05534-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_357_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188628"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_358_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66082-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_359_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000191"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_360_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.18.5627-5631.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_361_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03751.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_362_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201402254"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_363_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9md00062c"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_364_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201508155"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_365_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000488"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_366_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MB-0010-2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_367_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41797-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_368_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12155"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_369_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_370_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2021.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_371_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01576-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_372_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph8040816"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_373_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10349-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_374_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02773.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_375_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.589640"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_376_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140905114627"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_377_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00420"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_378_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2015978"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_379_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28601-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_380_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_381_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140917477"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_382_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02805-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_383_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01313"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_384_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01451-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_385_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftv016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_386_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1454"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_387_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_388_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_389_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2022.107915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_390_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29240-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_391_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00225-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_392_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb400485k"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_393_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01396-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_394_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00264"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_395_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6sc02103d"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_396_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1md00275a"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_397_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140905112822"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_398_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00371-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_399_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01381-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_400_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5ob00284b"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_401_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01685-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_402_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-009-2199-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_403_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00868-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_404_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.575882"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_405_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00443-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_406_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18518-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_407_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2013.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_408_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004152"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_409_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-021-01208-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_410_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00141-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_411_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2015.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_412_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1589-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_413_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(03)00209-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_414_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00281-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_415_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1550-1552.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_416_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27726-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_417_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_418_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-019-01764-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_419_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9358-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_420_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134306"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_421_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-016-0297-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_422_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1822278"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_423_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12774"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_424_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27078"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_425_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909585117"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_426_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature26157"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_427_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_428_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10069"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_429_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800442106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_430_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.5.4.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_431_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00366"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_432_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-019-0232-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_433_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.18971v2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_434_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85375-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_435_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_436_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113895"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_437_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-499"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_438_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines6020070"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_439_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c03465"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_440_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0np00022a"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_441_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04465-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_442_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26748-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_443_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2019.4.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_444_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.566325"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_445_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-02034-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_446_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866526666190822165812"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_447_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40529-021-00312-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_448_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.661195"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_449_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12364-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_450_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00017-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_451_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.668632"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_452_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00135-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_453_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00303"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_454_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c01712"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_455_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249692"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_456_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2019.105123"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_457_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c00094"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_458_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c00380"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_459_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.32.19298"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_460_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14304\/surya.jpr.v3n2.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_461_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00318-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_462_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051871"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_463_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01582-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_464_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abj2381"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_465_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_466_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0392-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_467_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6MD00124F"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_468_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym8030083"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_469_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101545"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_470_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10020292"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_471_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_472_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020437"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_473_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_474_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_475_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01143"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_476_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_477_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2013.807505"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_478_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-032320-110338"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_479_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450115666140804124808"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_480_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1892492"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_481_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_482_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_483_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-019-0137-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_484_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102867"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_485_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102921"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_486_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02423-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_487_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161216"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_488_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00451-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_489_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S232982"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_490_2","first-page":"570","article-title":"Protection mechanism of probiotic combination against human pathogens: In vitro adhesion to human intestinal mucus","volume":"15","author":"Collado MC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Collado MC, Jalonen L, Meriluoto J, Salminen S. 2006. Protection mechanism of probiotic combination against human pathogens: In vitro adhesion to human intestinal mucus. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 15:570\u2013575.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_491_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.008672-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_492_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30757-8_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_493_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.689958"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_494_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_495_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00120"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_496_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_497_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-020-00837-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_498_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2019.01000"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_499_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14201"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_500_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910437"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_501_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31266-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_502_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0687-5"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology Reviews"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Bonaventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cmr.00133-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cmr.00133-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T09:04:52Z","timestamp":1726131892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/cmr.00133-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Staley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"references-count":500,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/cmr.00133-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00133-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-8512","1098-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-8512","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00133-23"}}