{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:42:01Z","timestamp":1791639721416,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Microbiol Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus niger<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex, also known as the black aspergilli or section\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nigri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , comprises a diverse group of filamentous fungi with wide-ranging ecological, industrial, and pathogenic significance. While traditionally associated with food spoilage and industrial fermentation, black aspergilli have emerged as opportunistic pathogens affecting humans, animals, and plants. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the taxonomy, ecology, pathogenicity, and antifungal resistance of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. niger<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex. Advances in phylogenetics and whole-genome sequencing have clarified the taxonomy of section\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nigri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , now comprising six core species in series\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nigri<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Clinically,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. niger<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex is implicated in various conditions, including otomycosis, keratitis, cutaneous infections, onychomycosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and, less commonly, invasive aspergillosis. In animals, black aspergilli have been isolated from respiratory, cutaneous, and systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised or stressed hosts. Plant pathogenicity is significant, with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. niger<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex contributing to pre- and post-harvest spoilage and producing mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A and oxalic acid. The common finding of elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to triazoles, particularly in both environmental and clinical isolates, raises concern, with underlying mechanisms differing from those characterized in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Reduced susceptibility is potentially driven by efflux pumps and environmental exposure to azole fungicides. Due to commonly higher MICs, antifungal therapy with itraconazole and isavuconazole may have reduced efficacy, and alternatives such as voriconazole or posaconazole should be considered, guided by susceptibility testing where available. This review emphasizes the need for a One Health approach to managing black aspergilli, integrating surveillance, diagnostics, and targeted interventions across human, veterinary, and agricultural sectors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00158-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:10:57Z","timestamp":1780413057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The black aspergilli (\n                    <i>Aspergillus niger<\/i>\n                    complex) and their role in human, animal, and plant diseases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4515-8517","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felix","family":"Bongomin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027m9bs27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042vepq05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Gulu University","place":["Gulu, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6053-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"Punt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb)","place":["Bilthoven, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0914-4612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Auke","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb)","place":["Bilthoven, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8600-9860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul E.","family":"Verweij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb)","place":["Bilthoven, the Netherlands"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05wg1m734","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center","place":["Nijmegen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6722-2757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Norman","family":"van Rhijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027m9bs27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5626-2251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David W.","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027m9bs27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0808853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis","author":"Denning DW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Denning DW. 2009. 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