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It is transmitted to humans and animals by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    cercariae during freshwater contact. Parasite stages adapt and switch between molluscs, water, and mammals, where worms sustain parasitism. We reviewed research on larvae encountering humans published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until May 2024. Larvae perform intermittent active\/tail-first and passive\/body-first swimming with arc-like re-encountering upon host approaches. Skin contacts occur spontaneously or through stimulants.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    , expressing chemokinesis, lingers in upper-middle warm clear water.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , showing negative photo-orientation, remains in upper-lower, cooler, clear-muddy freshwater.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    stays stimuli-wise non-responsive in shallow muddy habitats. Attachment triggers of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    are amino acids and temperature, respectively.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    adheres at random. Temperature gradient, ceramides, and acylglycerols stimulate the epidermal remaining of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; solid hydrophobic surfaces trigger\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Temperatures of \u226536\u00b0C, \u226540\u00b0C, and 37\u00b0C guide\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    creeping for entering. Permeation aligns with schistosomula transformation by glycocalyx removal, heptalaminate membrane conversion, and tail stripping off and advances mechanically and enzymatically through acetabular glands. Skin and bloodstream navigation follows increasing L-arginine and D-glucose and parasite adjustment ventral-wards. Head gland enzymes facilitate epidermal-dermal transitioning for cutaneous exiting and vasculature accessing. Skin responds with anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory edematous infiltrations.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    reacts by evasion through hormones, neurotransmitters, enzymes, and specialized proteins, among others. The findings, building largely on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments, aim to facilitate the development of field-suitable prevention and control measures in support of the World Health Organization 2021\u20132030 Roadmap on Neglected Tropical Diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00196-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T08:19:39Z","timestamp":1751962779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Schistosomiasis: cercarial finding and recognizing of human hosts as a prerequisite of invasion"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8682-8567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ursula","family":"Panzner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03adhka07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","place":["Allschwil, Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02s6k3f65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Basel","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Utzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03adhka07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","place":["Allschwil, Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02s6k3f65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Basel","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0290-3521","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03adhka07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","place":["Allschwil, Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02s6k3f65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Basel","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00218"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2023. 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