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Key pathogens such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    employ sophisticated virulence mechanisms, including microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) and quorum-sensing (QS) systems, to establish resilient biofilms. Surface modification technologies\u2014encompassing antibacterial coatings, antithrombotic modifications, antibiofilm technologies, surface topological optimization, and tip design innovations\u2014offer promising \u201canti-colonization\u201d strategies to prevent infections. Notably, while tunneled and non-tunneled catheters exhibit distinct biofilm dynamics and clinical risk profiles, emerging multifunctional coatings demonstrate the potential for enhancing long-term catheter safety and performance. 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