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Heavy colonization of the genital tract with group B streptococcus also increases the risk that a woman will deliver a preterm low-birthweight infant. Early-onset infections (occurring at &lt;7 days of age) are associated with much lower fatality than when they were first described, and their incidence is finally decreasing as the use of preventive antibiotics during childbirth increases among women at risk. New serotypes of group B streptococcus have emerged as important pathogens in adults and newborns. Clinical and laboratory practices\u2014in obstetrics, pediatrics, and clinical microbiology\u2014have an impact on disease and\/or its prevention, and protocols established at the institutional level appear to be critical tools for the reduction of perinatal disease due to group B streptococcus. Since intrapartum antibiotics will prevent at best only a portion of the full burden of group B streptococcal disease, critical developments in vaccine evaluation, including study of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, offer the potential for enhanced prevention in the relatively near future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.11.3.497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T16:31:07Z","timestamp":1539966667000},"page":"497-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":476,"title":["Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcal Disease in the United States: Shifting Paradigms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Schuchat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199307000-00003","article-title":"Outbreak of early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis.","volume":"12","author":"Adams W. 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