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Although their use in the treatment of bacterial infection has largely been supplanted by antibiotics, antibodies remain a critical component of the treatment of diptheria, tetanus, and botulism. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin can be used to treat certain viral infections in immunocompromised patients (e.g., cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and enterovirus infections). Antibodies may also be of value in toxic shock syndrome, Ebola virus, and refractory staphylococcal infections. Palivizumab, the first monoclonal antibody licensed (in 1998) for an infectious disease, can prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. The development and use of additional monoclonal antibodies to key epitopes of microbial pathogens may further define protective humoral responses and lead to new approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.13.4.602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T12:32:07Z","timestamp":1539952327000},"page":"602-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":483,"title":["Passive Immunity in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509-2910,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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