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The disease can infect animals, and sustainable animal cycles occur in North America and Central Asia but do not act as reservoirs of human infection. The disease is endemic across the Sahel belt of Africa from Mauritania to Ethiopia, having been eliminated from Asia and some African countries. It has a significant socioeconomic impact because of the temporary disability that it causes. Dracunculiasis is exclusively caught from drinking water, usually from ponds. A campaign to eradicate the disease was launched in the 1980s and has made significant progress. The strategy of the campaign is discussed, including water supply, health education, case management, and vector control. Current issues including the integration of the campaign into primary health care and the mapping of cases by using geographic information systems are also considered. Finally, some lessons for other disease control and eradication programs are outlined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.15.2.223-246.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1027763980000},"page":"223-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) and the Eradication Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sandy","family":"Cairncross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom,"},{"name":"Department of Control, Prevention and Eradication of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom,"},{"name":"Department of Control, Prevention and Eradication of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevio","family":"Zagaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom,"},{"name":"Department of Control, Prevention and Eradication of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"83","volume":"33","year":"1981","unstructured":"Abolarin, M. 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