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Patients with cellular immune deficiencies are at risk for the development of symptomatic<jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>infection. Populations at risk also include patients with hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, solid-organ recipients, and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies for connective tissue disorders and vasculitides. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the agent of choice for prophylaxis against<jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>unless a clear contraindication is identified. Other options include pentamidine, dapsone, dapsone-pyrimethamine, and atovaquone. The risk for PCP varies based on individual immune defects, regional differences, and immunosuppressive regimens. Prophylactic strategies must be linked to an ongoing assessment of the patient's risk for disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.17.4.770-782.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]],"date-time":"2004-10-15T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1097867007000},"page":"770-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":232,"title":["Prevention of Infection Due to<i>Pneumocystis<\/i>spp. in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Immunocompromised Patients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay A.","family":"Fishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(94)70048-6","volume":"93","year":"1994","unstructured":"Absar, N, H. 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