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It is the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea in children and adults living in these areas and also the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea. ETEC diarrhea is most frequently seen in children, suggesting that a protective immune response occurs with age. The pathogenesis of ETEC-induced diarrhea is similar to that of cholera and includes the production of enterotoxins and colonization factors. The clinical symptoms of ETEC infection can range from mild diarrhea to a severe cholera-like syndrome. The effective treatment of ETEC diarrhea by rehydration is similar to treatment for cholera, but antibiotics are not used routinely for treatment except in traveler's diarrhea. The frequency and characterization of ETEC on a worldwide scale are inadequate because of the difficulty in recognizing the organisms; no simple diagnostic tests are presently available. Protection strategies, as for other enteric infections, include improvements in hygiene and development of effective vaccines. Increases in antimicrobial resistance will dictate the drugs used for the treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Efforts need to be made to improve our understanding of the worldwide importance of ETEC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.18.3.465-483.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]],"date-time":"2005-07-14T14:48:00Z","timestamp":1121352480000},"page":"465-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":782,"title":["Enterotoxigenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Microbiology, Clinical Features, Treatment, and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Centre for Health and Population Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Go\u0308teborg University, 40530 Go\u0308teborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Mari","family":"Svennerholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Centre for Health and Population Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Go\u0308teborg University, 40530 Go\u0308teborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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