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In primary infection, the peak of disease typically coincides with the development of specific T- and B-cell responses, which seem, in large part, to be responsible for disease. Animal models clearly show that a range of immune responses can enhance disease severity, particularly after vaccination with formalin-inactivated RSV. Prior immune sensitization leads to exuberant chemokine production, an excessive cellular influx, and an overabundance of cytokines during RSV challenge. Under different circumstances, specific mediators and T-cell subsets and antibody-antigen immune complex deposition are incriminated as major factors in disease. Animal models of immune enhancement permit a deep understanding of the role of specific immune responses in RSV disease, assist in vaccine design, and indicate which immunomodulatory therapy might be beneficial to children with bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.18.3.541-555.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]],"date-time":"2005-07-14T18:48:00Z","timestamp":1121366880000},"page":"541-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":252,"title":["Immune Responses and Disease Enhancement during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Peter J. 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