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The lack of conclusive knowledge regarding the pathogenic potential of\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in many conditions is due to a general unfamiliarity of physicians and microbiology laboratories with their fastidious growth requirements, leading to difficulty in their detection; their high prevalence in healthy persons; the poor design of research studies attempting to base association with disease on the mere presence of the organisms in the lower urogenital tract; the failure to consider multifactorial aspects of diseases; and considering these genital mycoplasmas only as a last resort. The situation is now changing because of a greater appreciation of the genital mycoplasmas as perinatal pathogens and improvements in laboratory detection, particularly with regard to the development of powerful molecular nucleic acid amplification tests. This review summarizes the epidemiology of genital mycoplasmas as causes of neonatal infections and premature birth; evidence linking ureaplasmas with bronchopulmonary dysplasia; recent changes in the taxonomy of the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; the neonatal host response to mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections; advances in laboratory detection, including molecular methods; and therapeutic considerations for treatment of systemic diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.18.4.757-789.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,13]],"date-time":"2005-10-13T12:42:58Z","timestamp":1129207378000},"page":"757-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":506,"title":["Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ken B.","family":"Waites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"},{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"},{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Schelonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"},{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200212000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050987"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"408","volume":"117","year":"1992","unstructured":"Abele-Horn, M., and J. 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