{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T01:58:41Z","timestamp":1783821521497,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diphtheria is under control in industrialized countries. However, single cases and outbreaks still occur and the disease is not completely understood. Forty-three individuals suspected of having diphtheria who were referred to the Infectious Disease Hospital of Arkhangelsk from December 1994 to March 1995 were included in this study. Fifteen patients were diagnosed as having diphtheria and received equine hyperimmune antidiphtheria toxin antiserum, and 28 were diagnosed as carriers, 12 with nondiphtherial tonsillitis or pharyngitis and 16 without symptoms. Serum samples were obtained on admission and during the course of the disease or during follow-up of carrier status. Samples were analyzed for antibodies against diphtheria toxin with both an in vitro neutralization test (NT) and a human-specific enzyme immunoassay. All of the cases but one were confirmed by a positive culture. Twelve patients had pharyngeal diphtheria, and three had combined laryngeal and pharyngeal disease. Half of the patients had life-threatening disease, and one died. On admission, the median antibody titers measured with the NT were 0.085 IU\/ml for the patients, 5.12 IU\/ml for the symptomatic carriers, and 10.24 IU\/ml for the healthy carriers. All of the diphtheria patients but one and nine of the carriers (six symptomatic and three healthy) had increased antibody levels during the first 7 to 10 days after admission. No obvious correlation was revealed between the antibody level or its kinetics and the course of the disease. Antibody levels on admission of &gt;1 IU\/ml were associated with a low risk of diphtheria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00026-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,7]],"date-time":"2006-06-07T17:07:13Z","timestamp":1149700033000},"page":"627-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antidiphtheria Antibody Responses in Patients and Carriers of<i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae<\/i>in the Arkhangelsk Region of Russia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Danilova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine"},{"name":"Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Arkhangelsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pa\u030al A.","family":"Jenum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine"},{"name":"Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Arkhangelsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vegard","family":"Skogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine"},{"name":"Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Arkhangelsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin F.","family":"Pilnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine"},{"name":"Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Arkhangelsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haakon","family":"Sjursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine"},{"name":"Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Arkhangelsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Guidance: laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria infection 1998 vol. 4.2.698-98"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 1986. 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Cohen, A. Bashary, and D. Engelhard. 2000. Atrioventricular block in a toxic child: do not forget diphtheria. Pediatr. Cardiol.21:282-283.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00420.x","volume":"5","year":"1999","unstructured":"Skogen, V., P. A. Jenum, V. N. Koroleva, E. Danilova, D. S. Halvorsen, N. Maksimova, and H. Sjursen. 1999. Detection of diphtheria antitoxin by four different methods. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.5:628-633.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. 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