{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T16:21:26Z","timestamp":1793463686638,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The introduction of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            serotype b (Hib) conjugate vaccines has changed the epidemiology of invasive\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            disease, with a shift in the predominant serotype from Hib to nonencapsulated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (ncHi). The objective of this study was to identify the genotypes\/clones associated with invasive\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            disease in Italy. Eighty-seven\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains isolated in the years 2009 to 2011 within the National Surveillance of Invasive Bacterial Disease program were analyzed. Strains were characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Genetic polymorphisms in the\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n            gene promoter region as well as the occurrence of both adhesin genes (\n            <jats:italic>hmwA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>hia<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and the IgA1 protease-encoding gene (\n            <jats:italic>igaB<\/jats:italic>\n            ) were also investigated. Of 87 strains, 67 were ncHi and 20 were encapsulated. Eleven strains were \u03b2-lactamase positive, harboring the\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n            gene. Most\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n            genes (10\/11) were associated with a Pdel promoter region exhibiting a 135-bp deletion; the remaining strain possessed the Pa\/Pb overlapping promoter. MLST analysis showed that encapsulated isolates were clonal, with each serotype sharing a few related sequence types (STs). Forty-six different STs were identified among the 67 ncHi strains. Despite this heterogeneity, a group of closely related STs (ST103, ST139, and ST145) encompassed almost 25% of all ncHi strains and 45.5% of the \u03b2-lactamase producers carrying the Pdel promoter. These major ST clones were found to be associated with the\n            <jats:italic>hmwA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene but not with the\n            <jats:italic>igaB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. To conclude, although the heterogeneity of the ncHi population was confirmed, diffusion of major successful ST clones was documented.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00028-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T03:53:06Z","timestamp":1371095586000},"page":"1223-1229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Identification of Haemophilus influenzae Clones Associated with Invasive Disease a Decade after Introduction of H. influenzae Serotype b Vaccination in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Giufr\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Cardines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Accogli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Pardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Cerquetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.53.4.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.10.2382-2386.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.03.059","article-title":"Ten years of Hib vaccination in Italy: prevalence of non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae among invasive isolates and the possible impact on antibiotic resistance","volume":"29","author":"Giufr\u00e8 M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giufr\u00e8MCardinesRCaporaliMGAccogliMD'AnconaFCerquettiM. 2011. Ten years of Hib vaccination in Italy: prevalence of non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae among invasive isolates and the possible impact on antibiotic resistance. Vaccine 29:3857\u20133862.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.090290","article-title":"Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, Europe, 1996-2006. Emerg","volume":"16","author":"Ladhani S","year":"2010","unstructured":"LadhaniSSlackMPHeathPTvon GottbergAChandraMRamsayME, European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance Participants. 2010. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, Europe, 1996-2006. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16:455\u2013463.","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1086\/511861","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, especially in persons \u226565 years old","volume":"44","author":"Dworkin MS","year":"2007","unstructured":"DworkinMSParkLBorchardtSM. 2007. The changing epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, especially in persons \u226565 years old. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44:810\u2013816.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-45"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00415-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00040-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki238","article-title":"Variation in selected regions of blaTEM genes and promoters in Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"56","author":"Tristram SG","year":"2005","unstructured":"TristramSGHawesRSouprounovJ. 2005. Variation in selected regions of blaTEM genes and promoters in Haemophilus influenzae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 56:481\u2013484.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh467","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from invasive disease in Italy","volume":"54","author":"Cerquetti M","year":"2004","unstructured":"CerquettiMCardinesRGiufr\u00e8MMastrantonioP, HI Study Group. 2004. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from invasive disease in Italy. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 54:1139\u20131143.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1623-1636.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.12.4649-4652.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3180616715","article-title":"Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children: phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolates","volume":"26","author":"Cardines R","year":"2007","unstructured":"CardinesRGiufr\u00e8MMastrantonioPCiofi degli AttiMLCerquettiM. 2007. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children: phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolates. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 26:577\u2013582.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00796-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1139\/w11-017","article-title":"Nonencapsulated or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae are more likely than their encapsulated or serotypeable counterparts to have mutations in their fucose operon","volume":"57","author":"Shuel ML","year":"2011","unstructured":"ShuelMLKarlowskyKELawDKTsangRS. 2011. Nonencapsulated or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae are more likely than their encapsulated or serotypeable counterparts to have mutations in their fucose operon. Can. J. Microbiol. 57:982\u2013986.","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3403-3409.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01207-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31823aaeb3","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in the respiratory tract of infants and primary caregivers","volume":"31","author":"Schumacher SK","year":"2012","unstructured":"SchumacherSKMarchantCDLoughlinAMBouchetVStevensonAPeltonSI. 2012. Prevalence and genetic diversity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in the respiratory tract of infants and primary caregivers. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 31:145\u2013149.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.034041-0","article-title":"Phylogenetic relatedness and diversity of non-typable Haemophilus influenzae in the nasopharynx and middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media","volume":"60","author":"Kaur R","year":"2011","unstructured":"KaurRChangAXuQCaseyJRPichicheroME. 2011. Phylogenetic relatedness and diversity of non-typable Haemophilus influenzae in the nasopharynx and middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media. J. Med. Microbiol. 60:1841\u20131848.","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00634.x","article-title":"Characterization of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae collected from respiratory infections and invasive disease cases in Manitoba, Canada","volume":"58","author":"Shuel M","year":"2010","unstructured":"ShuelMLawDSkinnerSWylieJKarlowskyJTsangRS. 2010. Characterization of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae collected from respiratory infections and invasive disease cases in Manitoba, Canada. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 58:277\u2013284.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"270","article-title":"Population genetics and antibiotic susceptibility of invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Manitoba, Canada, from 2000 to 2006. FEMS Immunol","volume":"51","author":"Sill ML","year":"2007","unstructured":"SillMLLawDKZhouJSkinnerSWylieJTsangRS. 2007. Population genetics and antibiotic susceptibility of invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Manitoba, Canada, from 2000 to 2006. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 51:270\u2013276.","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.8.1837-1845.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2741-2749.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.111738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7758","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.20.7758","article-title":"Evolutionary genetics of the encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"85","author":"Musser JM","year":"1988","unstructured":"MusserJMKrollJSMoxonERSelanderRK. 1988. Evolutionary genetics of the encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85:7758\u20137762.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01721-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.364-368.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3065-3072.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.26.1.143-149.1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.1.4.394-400.1994"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00028-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00028-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:49:49Z","timestamp":1627591789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00028-13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00028-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00028-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-07-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}