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We have recently demonstrated that the protection afforded by BCG alone is enhanced by vaccinating cattle with a combination of vaccines comprising BCG and a protein tuberculosis vaccine, namely, culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) from<jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>plus an adjuvant. In the current study, three different adjuvant systems were compared. The CFP was formulated with a depot adjuvant, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), together with one of three different immunostimulants: monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a synthetic mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannoside-2 (PIM2), and a synthetic lipopeptide (Pam3Cys-SKKKK [Pam<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CSK<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>]). Groups of cattle (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 10\/group) were vaccinated with BCG-CFP-DDA-PIM2, BCG-CFP-DDA-MPL, or BCG-CFP-DDA-Pam<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CSK<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. Two additional groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 10) were vaccinated with BCG alone or BCG-adjuvant (DDA-MPL), and a control group was left unvaccinated. Protection was assessed by challenging the cattle intratracheally with<jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>. Groups of cattle vaccinated with BCG-CFP-DDA-PIM2, BCG-CFP-DDA-MPL, BCG-CFP-DDA-Pam<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CSK<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and BCG alone showed significant reductions in three, three, five, and three pathological and microbiological disease parameters, respectively, compared to the results for the nonvaccinated group. Vaccination with the combination of BCG and the DDA-MPL adjuvant alone abrogated the protection conferred by BCG alone. The profiling of cytokine gene expression following vaccination, prior to challenge, did not illuminate significant differences which could explain the latter result. Vaccination of cattle with a combination of BCG and protein tuberculosis vaccine enhances protection against tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00034-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,13]],"date-time":"2008-03-13T00:49:17Z","timestamp":1205369357000},"page":"765-772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Enhanced Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis after Coadministration of<i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>BCG with a Mycobacterial Protein Vaccine-Adjuvant Combination but Not after Coadministration of Adjuvant Alone"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"D. Neil","family":"Wedlock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand"},{"name":"Industrial Research Limited, Carbohydrate Chemistry, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"},{"name":"Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand"},{"name":"Industrial Research Limited, Carbohydrate Chemistry, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"},{"name":"Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin F.","family":"Painter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand"},{"name":"Industrial Research Limited, Carbohydrate Chemistry, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"},{"name":"Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Ainge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand"},{"name":"Industrial Research Limited, Carbohydrate Chemistry, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"},{"name":"Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Martin","family":"Vordermeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand"},{"name":"Industrial Research Limited, Carbohydrate Chemistry, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"},{"name":"Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Glyn","family":"Hewinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand"},{"name":"Industrial Research Limited, Carbohydrate Chemistry, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"},{"name":"Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryce M.","family":"Buddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand"},{"name":"Industrial Research Limited, Carbohydrate Chemistry, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"},{"name":"Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2006.07.003","volume":"14","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ainge, G. D., N. A. Parlane, M. Denis, C. M. 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