{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T13:23:20Z","timestamp":1784294600195,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four vaccines for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are available in the United States. This study's purpose was to compare the efficacy of Nobivac feline 2-FeLV (an inactivated, adjuvanted whole-virus vaccine) and PureVax recombinant FeLV (a live, canarypox virus-vectored vaccine) following FeLV challenge. Cats were vaccinated at 9 and 12 weeks with Nobivac feline 2-FeLV (group A,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 11) or PureVax recombinant FeLV (group B,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 10). Group C (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 11) comprised unvaccinated controls. At 3 months postvaccination, cats were immunosuppressed and challenged with FeLV-A\/61E. The outcomes measured were persistent antigenemia at 12 weeks postchallenge (PC) and proviral DNA and viral RNA at 3 to 9 weeks PC. Persistent antigenemia was observed in 0 of 11 cats in group A, 5 of 10 cats in group B, and 10 of 11 cats in group C. Group A was significantly protected compared to those in groups B (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.013) and C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001). No difference was found between groups B and C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt; 0.063). The preventable fraction was 100% for group A and 45% for group B. At 9 weeks PC, proviral DNA and viral RNA were detected 1 of 11 cats in group A, 6 of 10 cats in group B, and 9 of 11 cats in group C. Nucleic acid loads were significantly lower in group A than in group C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01). Group A had significantly lower proviral DNA loads than group B at weeks 6 to 9 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.02). The viral RNA loads were significantly lower in group A than in group B at weeks 7 to 9 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01). The results demonstrate that Nobivac feline 2-FeLV-vaccinated cats were fully protected against persistent antigenemia and had significantly smaller amounts of proviral DNA and plasma viral RNA loads than PureVax recombinant FeLV-vaccinated cats and unvaccinated controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00034-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]],"date-time":"2015-05-14T02:21:30Z","timestamp":1431570090000},"page":"798-805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparative Efficacy of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine and Canarypox Virus-Vectored Vaccine during Virulent FeLV Challenge and Immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Carritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Jayappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bourgeois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073807_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.118.14.381","article-title":"Transmission of feline leukemia virus in the milk of a nonviraemic cat","volume":"118","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.03.002","article-title":"American Association of Feline Practitioners' feline retrovirus management guidelines","volume":"10","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.10.1287","article-title":"Feline leukemia virus infection and diseases","volume":"199","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B4","article-title":"Feline leukemia virus","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine","year":"2005","edition":"6th ed"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.10.1305","article-title":"Pathogenesis of infection by the feline leukemia virus","volume":"199","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.10.050","article-title":"Re-examination of feline leukemia virus: host relationships using real-time PCR","volume":"332","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.09.010","article-title":"Reassessment of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccines with novel sensitive molecular assays","volume":"24","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.017","article-title":"How molecular methods change our views of FeLV infection and vaccination","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.013","article-title":"Development and application of a quantitative real-time PCR assay to detect feline leukemia virus RNA","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009065","article-title":"Exposure of cats to low doses of FeLV: seroconversion as the sole parameter of infection","volume":"41","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-7-1589","article-title":"Feline leukemia provirus load during the course of experimental infection and in naturally infected cats","volume":"82","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.12.022","article-title":"Vaccination against the feline leukemia virus: outcome and response categories and long-term follow-up","volume":"25","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.3.371","article-title":"Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in North America and risk factors for seropositivity","volume":"228","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.620","article-title":"Prevalence of feline leukemia virus infection and serum antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus in unowned free-roaming cats","volume":"220","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03339.x","article-title":"Feline leukemia virus: a review of immunity and vaccination","volume":"38","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.10.1428","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy and safety of an inactivated virus vaccine against feline leukemia virus infection","volume":"199","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1993.tb03166.x","article-title":"Immunogenicity and efficacy of a commercial feline leukemia virus vaccine","volume":"7","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2009.10.017","article-title":"Feline leukemia virus immunity induced by whole inactivated virus vaccination","volume":"134","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.03.016","article-title":"Efficacy of an inactivated FeLV vaccine compared to a recombinant FeLV vaccine in minimum age cats following virulent FeLV challenge","volume":"32","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B20","unstructured":"Code of Federal Regulations. 1989. Title 9. Animal Welfare. Chapter 1. US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 9 CFR Part 1. http:\/\/awic.nal.usda.gov\/final-rules-animal-welfare-9-cfr-parts-1-2-and-3."},{"key":"key20180919073807_B21","volume-title":"Absolute quantitation of feline leukemia virus proviral DNA and viral RNA loads by TaqMan real-time PCR and RT-PCR. In Methods in molecular biology, vol 429: molecular beacons: signalling nucleic acid probes","year":"2008"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S17731","article-title":"Broadening the use of antiretroviral therapy: the case for feline leukemia virus","volume":"7","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B23","first-page":"821","article-title":"Influence of antibody infusion on pathogenesis of experimental feline leukemia virus infection","volume":"74","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.5.2306-2315.2002","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of feline leukemia virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: correlation with recovery from infection","volume":"76","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8424","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.18.8424-8433.2001","article-title":"Feline leukemia virus DNA vaccine efficacy is enhanced by coadministration with interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 expression vectors","volume":"75","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key20180919073807_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.06.017","article-title":"Quantitation of feline leukemia virus viral and proviral loads by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"130","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00034-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T23:40:00Z","timestamp":1717890000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00034-15"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"M. F.","family":"Pasetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00034-15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00034-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]}}}