{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:27:01Z","timestamp":1773077221804,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            During a\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            outbreak in a colony of fruit bats at a southern United States zoo, it was observed that although\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            was recovered in culture from multiple sites at necropsy, none of the samples collected from those bats tested positive for\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            antigen (HAg). Five of the\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from the bats were subsequently identified as Latin American (LA) clade A, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) class 6. These observations raised concern as to whether the commercially available HAg test could detect\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            antigen not of the North American clade upon which the HAg test had been developed. To evaluate this concern, a murine model of disseminated histoplasmosis was established, and mice were infected with multiple LA\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates, including clinical isolates recovered from Brazilian AIDS patients (RFLP class 5 and class 6) and isolates recovered from the bats during the outbreak (RFLP class 6).\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            antigen was detected in all infected mice in our experiments, even when\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            was not recovered in culture. Because the currently available HAg test is able to detect\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            antigen in mice infected with Latin American isolates, this suggests that bat host factors rather than differences among\n            <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            RFLP classes were responsible for the inability to detect HAg in infected bats.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00043-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T02:43:51Z","timestamp":1270089831000},"page":"802-806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Detection of Latin American Strains of\n            <i>Histoplasma<\/i>\n            in a Murine Model by Use of a Commercially Available Antigen Test"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"David R.","family":"Allton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Rivard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Durkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonya M.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Joseph","family":"Wheat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duane R.","family":"Hospenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana"},{"name":"Houston Zoo, Inc., Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.2.322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.9.4370-4373.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.653","volume":"30","year":"1981","unstructured":"Greer, D. L., and D. N. McMurray. 1981. Pathogenesis of experimental histoplasmosis in the bat, Artibeus lituratus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.30:653-659.","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00358-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121052","volume":"90","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hasenclever, H. F., M. H. Shacklette, A. W. Hunter, E. George, and J. Schwarz. 1969. The use of cultural and histologic methods for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum in bats: absence of a cellular response. Am. J. Epidemiol.90:77-83.","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1086\/345724","volume":"186","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karimi, K., L. J. Wheat, P. Connolly, G. Cloud, R. Hajjeh, E. Wheat, K. Alves, C. Da Silva Lacaz, and E. Keath. 2002. Differences in histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States and Brazil. J. Infect. Dis.186:1655-1660.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2003.01995.x","volume":"12","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kasuga, T., T. J. White, G. Koenig, J. McEwen, A. Restrepo, E. Castaneda, C. Da Silva Lacaz, E. M. Heins-Vaccari, R. S. De Freitas, R. M. Zancope-Oliveira, Z. Qin, R. Negroni, D. A. Carter, Y. Mikami, M. Tamura, M. L. Taylor, G. F. Miller, N. Poonwan, and J. W. Taylor. 2003. Phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Mol. Ecol.12:3383-3401.","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.8.2104-2107.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1086\/315717","volume":"182","year":"2000","unstructured":"LeMonte, A. M., K. E. Washum, M. L. Smedema, C. Schnizlein-Bick, S. M. Kohler, and L. J. Wheat. 2000. Amphotericin B combined with itraconazole or fluconazole for treatment of histoplasmosis. J. Infect. Dis.182:545-550.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1969.18.53","volume":"18","year":"1969","unstructured":"Shacklette, M. H., and H. F. Hasenclever. 1969. Variation of rates of natural infection with Histoplasma capsulatum in bats. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.18:53-57.","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.1.258","volume":"162","year":"1990","unstructured":"Spitzer, E. D., E. J. Keath, S. J. Travis, A. A. Painter, G. S. Kobayashi, and G. Medoff. 1990. Temperature-sensitive variants of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Infect. Dis.162:258-261.","journal-title":"J. Infect. 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