{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:31:34Z","timestamp":1780504294232,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large community outbreak of Q fever occurred in the Netherlands in the period 2007 to 2010. Some of the infected patients developed chronic Q fever, which typically includes pathogen dissemination to predisposed cardiovascular sites, with potentially fatal consequences. To identify the immune mechanisms responsible for ineffective clearance of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:named-content>in patients who developed chronic Q fever, we compared serum concentrations of 47 inflammation-associated markers among patients with acute Q fever, vascular chronic Q fever, and past resolved Q fever. Serum levels of gamma interferon were strongly increased in acute but not in vascular chronic Q fever patients, compared to past resolved Q fever patients. Interleukin-18 levels showed a comparable increase in acute as well as vascular chronic Q fever patients. Additionally, vascular chronic Q fever patients had lower serum levels of gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) than did acute Q fever patients. Serum responses for these and other markers indicate that type I immune responses to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>are affected in chronic Q fever patients. This may be attributed to an affected immune system in cardiovascular patients, which enables local<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>replication at affected cardiovascular sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00078-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T02:11:47Z","timestamp":1430359907000},"page":"664-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dysregulation of Serum Gamma Interferon Levels in Vascular Chronic Q Fever Patients Provides Insights into Disease Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9188-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen L. 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