{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:22:24Z","timestamp":1780093344212,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The conventional hemagglutinin (HA)- and neuraminidase (NA)-based influenza vaccines need to be updated most years and are ineffective if the glycoprotein HA of the vaccine strains is a mismatch with that of the epidemic strain. Universal vaccines targeting conserved viral components might provide cross-protection and thus complement and improve conventional vaccines. In this study, we generated DNA plasmids and recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the conserved proteins nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), and matrix 1 (M1) from influenza virus strain A\/Beijing\/30\/95 (H3N2). BALB\/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with a single vaccine based on NP, PB1, or M1 alone or a combination vaccine based on all three antigens and were then challenged with lethal doses of the heterologous influenza virus strain A\/PR\/8\/34 (H1N1). Vaccines based on NP, PB1, and M1 provided complete or partial protection against challenge with 1.7 50% lethal dose (LD\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ) of PR8 in mice. Of the three antigens, NP-based vaccines induced protection against 5 LD\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            and 10 LD\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            and thus exhibited the greatest protective effect. Universal influenza vaccines based on the combination of NP, PB1, and M1 induced a strong immune response and thus might be an alternative approach to addressing future influenza virus pandemics.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00091-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,2]],"date-time":"2015-04-02T14:57:23Z","timestamp":1427986643000},"page":"618-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Protective Efficacy of the Conserved NP, PB1, and M1 Proteins as Immunogens in DNA- and Vaccinia Virus-Based Universal Influenza A Virus Vaccines in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wenling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexia","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangrong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueren","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Viral Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Chang Ping District, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)92777-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00071-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1201.051043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000253053.01151.bd"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001269.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jphp.3200008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0546-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2007.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2007.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-011-9632-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.02.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.061125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.09.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M800650200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1238-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/j:issn:0254-5101.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.3.5.4175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2010.0056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01289-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00187-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","volume-title":"Smallpox and its eradication","author":"Fenner F","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, Jezek Z, Ladnyi ID, World Health Organization. 1988. Smallpox and its eradication. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/39485\/1\/9241561106.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-07-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2008.0064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306048200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M213263200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3321\/j:issn:1000-8721.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn4006544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","volume-title":"7th WHO Meet Eval Pandemic Influenza Vaccines Clin Trials","author":"Janssen R","unstructured":"Janssen R, Ervin J, Martin T. Clinical evaluation of N8295, a universal influenza A vaccine containing M2e and NP antigens conjugated to an oligonucleotide immunostimulatory sequence. In 7th WHO Meet Eval Pandemic Influenza Vaccines Clin Trials, 17\u201318 February 2011, Geneva. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/research\/meetings_workshops\/flumtg_17_18Feb11\/en\/index1.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00268-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-86"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70240-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.2.831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90439-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.10.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00278-9","article-title":"Gene gun intradermal DNA immunization followed by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara: enhanced CD8+ T cell immunogenicity and protective efficacy in the influenza and malaria models","volume":"18","author":"D\u00e9gano P","year":"1999","unstructured":"D\u00e9gano P, Schneider J, Hannan CM, Gilbert SC, Hill AV. 1999. Gene gun intradermal DNA immunization followed by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara: enhanced CD8+ T cell immunogenicity and protective efficacy in the influenza and malaria models. Vaccine 18:623\u2013632.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.8331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062778"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00091-15","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00091-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T21:28:59Z","timestamp":1622582939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00091-15"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"D. L.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00091-15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00091-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-03-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-05-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}