{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:17:46Z","timestamp":1781014666331,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) responses were compared over time following an episode of herpes zoster (HZ) with those of age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) without HZ, using a validated gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. The zoster brief-pain inventory (ZBPI) was used to assess zoster-associated pain. HZ patients (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 140) had significantly higher IFN-\u03b3 ELISPOT responses to VZV antigen than did HC (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 140). ELISPOT geometric mean count (GMC) responses (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for subjects who presented within 72 h were as follows: for HZ patients \u2265 60 years of age, at day 0 the GMC was 110 and at week 2 the GMC was 235; for HZ patients 21 to 59 years of age, at day 0 the GMC was 111 and at week 2 the GMC was 198; for HC \u2265 60 years of age, at day 0 the GMC was 19 and at week 2 the GMC was 18; and for HC 21 to 59 years of age, at day 0 the GMC was 59 and at week 2 the GMC was 56. The mean pain score (95% CI) across age groups at 1 week postrash (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 106) was 6.0 (5.5, 6.5) and at 2 weeks postrash (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 119) was 3.5 (2.9, 4.0). The percentage of HZ patients with substantial pain (score \u2265 3) at 6 weeks postrash increased with age from 8% for patients 21 to 49 years of age to 16% for patients 50 to 59 years of age to 22% for patients \u2265 60 years of age. The VZV-specific CMI response was substantially boosted by an episode of HZ, as measured by ELISPOT results. Older adults had lower VZV-specific cellular immunity than younger subjects at baseline, but the boosting effect of HZ was substantial for all age groups. HZ patients experienced considerable zoster-associated acute (1 to 2 weeks after rash) pain across age groups, while chronic pain increased with age.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00095-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]],"date-time":"2012-07-12T03:02:16Z","timestamp":1342062136000},"page":"1411-1415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay Responses and Zoster-Associated Pain in Herpes Zoster Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Stephen K.","family":"Tyring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon E.","family":"Stek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pagnoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan S. F.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Silber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janie","family":"Parrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myron J.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.32.1.24-27.1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340150091017","article-title":"Immune response to varicella-zoster in the aged","volume":"142","author":"Burke BL","year":"1982","unstructured":"BurkeBL. 1982. Immune response to varicella-zoster in the aged. Arch. Intern. Med. 142:291\u2013293.","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.06.001","article-title":"Development of a measure of the burden of pain due to herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia for prevention trials: adaptation of the brief pain inventory","volume":"5","author":"Coplan PM","year":"2004","unstructured":"CoplanPM. 2004. Development of a measure of the burden of pain due to herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia for prevention trials: adaptation of the brief pain inventory. J. Pain 5:344\u2013356.","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1944.02290270005002","article-title":"Pathologic features of herpes zoster","volume":"51","author":"Denny-Brown D","year":"1944","unstructured":"Denny-BrownDAdamsRDFitzgeraldPJ. 1944. Pathologic features of herpes zoster. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 51:216\u2013231.","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1086\/510206","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster","volume":"44","author":"Dworkin RH","year":"2007","unstructured":"DworkinRH. 2007. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44:S1\u2013S6.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Demonstration of virus in trigeminal nerve and ganglion by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy","volume":"15","author":"Esiri MM","year":"1972","unstructured":"EsiriMMTomlinsonAH. 1972. Demonstration of virus in trigeminal nerve and ganglion by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. J. Neurol. Sci. 15:35\u201348.","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp013211","article-title":"Herpes zoster","volume":"347","author":"Gnann JW","year":"2002","unstructured":"GnannJWJrWhitleyRJ. 2002. Herpes zoster. N. Engl. J. Med. 347:340\u2013346.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21506","article-title":"A real-time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens","volume":"81","author":"Harbecke R","year":"2009","unstructured":"HarbeckeR. 2009. A real-time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens. J. Med. Virol. 81:1310\u20131322.","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6979","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.12.6979-6987.2003","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus DNA in cells isolated from human trigeminal ganglia","volume":"77","author":"Levin MJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"LevinMJCaiGYManchakMDPizerLI. 2003. Varicella-zoster virus DNA in cells isolated from human trigeminal ganglia. J. Virol. 77:6979\u20136987.","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1086\/528696","article-title":"VZV-specific immune responses in elderly recipients of a herpes zoster vaccine","volume":"197","author":"Levin MJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"LevinMJ. 2008. VZV-specific immune responses in elderly recipients of a herpes zoster vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 197:825\u2013835.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1086\/379048","article-title":"Decline in varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity with increasing age and boosting with a high-dose VZV vaccine","volume":"188","author":"Levin MJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"LevinMJ. 2003. Decline in varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity with increasing age and boosting with a high-dose VZV vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 188:1336\u20131344.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.6.582","article-title":"Selective decline in cellular immune response to varicella-zoster in the elderly","volume":"30","author":"Miller AE","year":"1980","unstructured":"MillerAE. 1980. Selective decline in cellular immune response to varicella-zoster in the elderly. Neurology 30:582\u2013587.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051016","article-title":"A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults","volume":"352","author":"Oxman MN","year":"2005","unstructured":"OxmanMN. 2005. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 352:2271\u20132284.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1086\/653605","article-title":"Zoster vaccine: current status and future prospects","volume":"51","author":"Oxman MN","year":"2010","unstructured":"OxmanMN. 2010. Zoster vaccine: current status and future prospects. Clin. Infect. Dis. 51:197\u2013213.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir970","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of herpes zoster vaccine in persons aged 50\u201359 years","volume":"54","author":"Schmader KE","year":"2012","unstructured":"SchmaderKE. 2012. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of herpes zoster vaccine in persons aged 50\u201359 years. Clin. Infect. Dis. 54:922\u2013928.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.2.383","article-title":"Presence, distribution and spread of productive varicella zoster virus infection in nervous tissues","volume":"115","author":"Schmidbauer M","year":"1992","unstructured":"SchmidbauerMBudkaHPilzPKurataTHondoR. 1992. Presence, distribution and spread of productive varicella zoster virus infection in nervous tissues. Brain 115:383\u2013398.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00435-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10318","article-title":"Measurement of cell-mediated immunity with a varicella-zoster virus-specific interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay: responses in an elderly population receiving a booster immunization","volume":"70","author":"Smith JG","year":"2003","unstructured":"SmithJG. 2003. Measurement of cell-mediated immunity with a varicella-zoster virus-specific interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay: responses in an elderly population receiving a booster immunization. J. Med. Virol. 70:S38\u2013S41.","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00303-7","article-title":"Enhancement of immunity against VZV by giving live varicella vaccine to the elderly assessed by VZV skin test and IAHA, gpELISA antibody assay","volume":"21","author":"Takahashi M","year":"2003","unstructured":"TakahashiM. 2003. Enhancement of immunity against VZV by giving live varicella vaccine to the elderly assessed by VZV skin test and IAHA, gpELISA antibody assay. Vaccine 21:3845\u20133853.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14079","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.14079-14087.2005","article-title":"Laser-capture microdissection: refining estimates of the quantity and distribution of latent herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella zoster virus DNA in human trigeminal ganglia at the single-cell level","volume":"79","author":"Wang K","year":"2005","unstructured":"WangKLauTYMoralesMMontEKStrausSE. 2005. Laser-capture microdissection: refining estimates of the quantity and distribution of latent herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella zoster virus DNA in human trigeminal ganglia at the single-cell level. J. Virol. 79:14079\u201314087.","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1086\/651199","article-title":"Influence of age and nature of primary infection on varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immune responses","volume":"201","author":"Weinberg A","year":"2010","unstructured":"WeinbergA. 2010. Influence of age and nature of primary infection on varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immune responses. J. Infect. Dis. 201:1024\u20131030.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1086\/605611","article-title":"VZV-specific immune responses after herpes zoster in elderly participants in a trial of a clinically effective herpes zoster vaccine","volume":"200","author":"Weinberg A","year":"2009","unstructured":"WeinbergA. 2009. VZV-specific immune responses after herpes zoster in elderly participants in a trial of a clinically effective herpes zoster vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 200:1068\u20131077.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00095-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00095-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:48:15Z","timestamp":1627591695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00095-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00095-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00095-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-06-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-08-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}