{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:35:23Z","timestamp":1782437723118,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the availability of protective vaccines, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infections have been increasingly reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control in the past 2 decades. Since the diagnosis of TBEV exposure relies on serological testing, we compared two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), i.e., Immunozym FSME IgG assay (ELISA-1) and Euroimmun FSME Vienna IgG assay (ELISA-2). Both assays use whole TBEV antigens, but they differ in viral strains (Neudoerfl for ELISA-1 and K23 for ELISA-2) and cutoff values. In testing of samples from 398 healthy blood donors, ELISA-1 showed higher reactivity levels than ELISA-2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001), suggesting different assay properties. This finding was supported by Bland-Altman analysis of the optical density at 450 nm (OD<jats:sub>450<\/jats:sub>) (mean bias, +0.32 [95% limits of agreement, \u22120.31 to +0.95]) and persisted after transformation into Vienna units. Concordant results were observed for 276 sera (69%) (44 positive and 232 negative results). Discordant results were observed for 122 sera (31%); 15 were fully discordant, all being ELISA-1 positive and ELISA-2 negative, and 107 were partially discordant (101 being ELISA-1 indeterminate and ELISA-2 negative and 6 having positive or indeterminate reactivity in both ELISAs). Neutralization testing at a 1:10 dilution yielded positive results for 33 of 44 concordant positive sera, 1 of 15 fully discordant sera, and 1 of 33 partially discordant sera. Indirect immunofluorescence testing revealed high antibody titers of \u2265100 for yellow fever virus in 18 cases and for dengue virus in one case, suggesting that cross-reactivity contributed to the ELISA-1 results. We conclude that (i) cross-reactivity among flaviviruses remains a limitation of TBEV serological testing, (ii) ELISA-2 revealed reasonable sensitivity and specificity for anti-TBEV IgG population screening of human sera, and (iii) neutralization testing is most specific and should be reserved for selective questions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00096-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T02:11:47Z","timestamp":1430359907000},"page":"754-760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of Two Commercial Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fabian H.","family":"Weissbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans 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