{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:18:20Z","timestamp":1792671500321,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The correlate of protection for the licensure of meningococcal vaccines is serum bactericidal activity. However, evidence indicates that a complex situation and other mechanisms, such as antibody-mediated, complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis (OP), may play a role in protection and should be investigated in order to understand immunity to this disease. In this study, a high-throughput flow cytometric opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) was optimized. The assay measures the presence of killed fluorescently labeled<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:named-content>within human granulocytes (differentiated HL60 cells) by flow cytometry, using IgG-depleted pooled human plasma as an exogenous source of complement. This method was found to be reliable and correlated with the results of an opsonophagocytic killing assay. The OPA was used to measure OP activity in 1,878 serum samples from individuals ranging from 0 to 99 years of age against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. meningitidis<\/jats:named-content>strain NZ98\/254 (B:4:P1.7-2,4). The levels of OP activity in individual serum samples varied greatly. OP activity showed an initial peak in the 6- to 12-month age group corresponding to a peak in disease incidence. The OP activity dropped in childhood until the late teenage years, although there was still a higher percentage of individuals with OP activity than with protective bactericidal antibody titers. OP activity reached a peak in the 30- to 39-year age group and then declined. This later peak in OP activity did not coincide with the young adults in whom peak serum bactericidal activity and disease incidence occurred. The demonstration of OP activity when disease incidence is low and when protective bactericidal antibody titers are not detected may indicate a role for OP in protection from meningococcal disease in these age groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00100-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]],"date-time":"2015-03-05T02:52:39Z","timestamp":1425523959000},"page":"503-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Seroprevalence of Antibody-Mediated, Complement-Dependent Opsonophagocytic Activity against Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B in England"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Holly E.","family":"Humphries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eeva","family":"Kuisma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Gorringe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073801_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.129.6.1307","article-title":"Human immunity to the meningococcus: I. The role of humoral antibodies","volume":"129","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.129.6.1327","article-title":"Human immunity to the meningococcus: II. Development of natural immunity","volume":"129","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.066","article-title":"Relative importance of complement-mediated bactericidal and opsonic activity for protection against meningococcal disease","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00279-08","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antibodies against serogroup C meningococci in England in the postvaccination era","volume":"15","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55486","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055486","article-title":"Seroprevalence of bactericidal, specific IgG antibodies and incidence of meningitis due to group A Neisseria meningitidis by age in Burkina Faso 2008","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05515-11","article-title":"Seroprevalence of serum bactericidal antibodies against group W135 and Y meningococci in England in 2009","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00102-07","article-title":"Seroprevalence of bactericidal and anti-outer membrane vesicle antibodies to Neisseria meningitidis group B in England","volume":"14","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00988.x","article-title":"Complement haemolytic activity (classical and alternative pathways), C3, C4 and factor B titres in healthy children","volume":"88","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01326.x","article-title":"Ontogeny of complement regulatory proteins\u2014concentrations of factor H, factor I, C4b-binding protein, properdin and vitronectin in healthy children of different ages and in adults","volume":"58","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(95)90093-4","article-title":"Whole blood model of meningococcal bacteraemia\u2014a method for exploring host-bacterial interactions","volume":"18","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1999.0296","article-title":"Assessment of immune response to meningococcal disease: comparison of a whole-blood assay and the serum bactericidal assay","volume":"27","author":"Levin and the Meningococcal Research Group","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00036-08","article-title":"Vaccine-induced opsonophagocytic immunity to Neisseria meningitidis group B","volume":"15","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00484.x","article-title":"Meningococcal disease and polymorphism of Fc\u03b3RIIa (CD32) in late complement component-deficient individuals","volume":"111","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00440-7","article-title":"Long term effects of vaccination of patients deficient in a late complement component with a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine","volume":"21","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02918259","article-title":"Complement deficiency states and meningococcal disease","volume":"12","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.1.227","article-title":"Vaccination and the role of capsular polysaccharide antibody in prevention of recurrent meningococcal disease in late complement component-deficient individuals","volume":"168","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.09.029","article-title":"Validation of a routine opsonophagocytosis assay to predict invasive pneumococcal disease efficacy of conjugate vaccine in children","volume":"25","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.2.287-295.2005","article-title":"Approach to validating an opsonophagocytic assay for Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"12","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00230-5","article-title":"Serological criteria for evaluation and licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulations for use in infants","volume":"21","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B20","first-page":"2","article-title":"Use of opsonophagocytosis for serological evaluation of pneumococcal vaccines","volume":"13","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2000.1001","article-title":"Concurrent measurement of antigen- and antibody-dependent oxidative burst and phagocytosis in monocytes and neutrophils","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00237-4","article-title":"Phagocytosis: measurement by flow cytometry","volume":"243","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.9.3531-3536.1995","article-title":"Comparison among opsonic activity, antimeningococcal immunoglobulin G response, and serum bactericidal activity against meningococci in sera from vaccinees after immunization with a serogroup B outer membrane vesicle vaccine","volume":"63","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00341-07","article-title":"Immunity to Neisseria meningitidis group B in adults despite lack of serum bactericidal antibody","volume":"14","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00466-06","article-title":"Comparison and correlation of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B immunologic assay results and human antibody responses following three doses of the Norwegian meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine MenBvac","volume":"74","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19981201)33:4<406::AID-CYTO3>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Flow cytometric quantitation of human opsonin-dependent phagocytosis and oxidative burst responses to meningococcal antigens","volume":"33","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46288-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of meningococcal disease in England and Wales 1993\/94 to 2003\/04: contribution and experiences of the Meningococcal Reference Unit","volume":"55","author":"Meningococcal Reference Unit","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2013.02.007","article-title":"Development of a large scale human complement source for use in bacterial immunoassays","volume":"391","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.01.063","article-title":"MeNZB: a safe and highly immunogenic tailor-made vaccine against the New Zealand Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B disease epidemic strain","volume":"23","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.3.600","article-title":"The reverse cumulative distribution plot: a graphic method for exploratory analysis of antibody data","volume":"96","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(96)00185-8","article-title":"Functional assays for evaluation of serogroup B meningococcal structures as mediators of human opsonophagocytosis","volume":"200","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6526","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.12.6526-6532.1999","article-title":"Human opsonins induced during meningococcal disease recognize transferrin binding protein complexes","volume":"67","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3203-3213.2001","article-title":"Functional opsonic activity of human serum antibodies to inner core lipopolysaccharide (galE) of serogroup B meningococci measured by flow cytometry","volume":"69","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.3.616-623.2001","article-title":"Importance of complement source in measuring meningococcal bactericidal titers","volume":"8","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00047-5","article-title":"Effect of sequence variation in meningococcal PorA outer membrane protein on the effectiveness of a hexavalent PorA outer membrane vesicle vaccine","volume":"18","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00118-09","article-title":"Phase I safety and immunogenicity study of a candidate meningococcal disease vaccine based on Neisseria lactamica outer membrane vesicles","volume":"16","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1086\/379375","article-title":"Antibody to genome-derived neisserial antigen 2132, a Neisseria meningitidis candidate vaccine, confers protection against bacteremia in the absence of complement-mediated bactericidal activity","volume":"188","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key20180919073801_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1561-1567.2001","article-title":"Recombinant Neisseria meningitidis transferrin binding protein A protects against experimental meningococcal infection","volume":"69","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00100-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T12:35:35Z","timestamp":1651408535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00100-15"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"D. L.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00100-15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00100-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]}}}