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Studies in sheep and cattle have found the attenuated strain of RVFV, MP-12, to be both safe and efficacious based on early testing, and a 2-year conditional license for use in U.S. livestock has been issued. The purpose of this study was to further determine the vaccine's potential to infect mosquitoes, the duration of humoral immunity to 24 months postvaccination, and the ability to prevent disease and viremia from a virulent challenge. Vaccination experiments conducted in sheep found no evidence of a potential for vector transmission to 4 North American mosquito species. Neutralizing antibodies were elicited, with titers of &gt;1:40 still present at 24 months postvaccination. Vaccinates were protected from clinical signs and detectable viremia after challenge with virulent virus, while control sheep had fever and high-titered viremia extending for 5 days. Antibodies to three viral proteins (nucleocapsid N, the N-terminal half of glycoprotein GN, and the nonstructural protein from the short segment NSs) were also detected to 24 months using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. This study demonstrates that the MP-12 vaccine given as a single dose in sheep generates protective immunity to a virulent challenge with antibody duration of at least 2 years, with no evidence of a risk for vector transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00114-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]],"date-time":"2015-06-04T11:25:39Z","timestamp":1433417139000},"page":"930-937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evaluation of the Efficacy, Potential for Vector Transmission, and Duration of Immunity of MP-12, an Attenuated Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine Candidate, in Sheep"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Myrna M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA (previously ABADRL, Laramie, Wyoming, USA)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara S.","family":"Drolet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA (previously ABADRL, Laramie, Wyoming, USA)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robbin","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James O.","family":"Mecham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA (previously ABADRL, Laramie, Wyoming, USA)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Will K.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA (previously ABADRL, Laramie, Wyoming, USA)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana M.","family":"Weingartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA (previously ABADRL, Laramie, Wyoming, USA)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874357901004010008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Rift Valley fever encephalitis\u2014description of a case","volume":"25","author":"Maar SA","year":"1979","unstructured":"Maar SA, Swanepoel R, Gelfand M. 1979. 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