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Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>infections for which improved or new vaccines are being developed include enteric fever caused by<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B and sepsis and meningitis in young children in sub-Saharan Africa caused by nontyphoidal<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>(NTS) serovars, particularly<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. enterica<\/jats:named-content>serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Assays are needed to measure functional antibodies elicited by the new vaccines to assess their immunogenicities and potential protective capacities. We developed<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>assays to quantify serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) activity induced by<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi,<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Paratyphi A,<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium, and<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis vaccines in preclinical studies. Complement from various sources was tested in assays designed to measure antibody-dependent complement-mediated killing. Serum from rabbits 3 to 4 weeks of age provided the best complement source compared to serum from pigs, goats, horses, bovine calves, or rabbits 8 to 12 weeks of age. For<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis,<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium, and<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi SBA assays to be effective, bacteria had to be harvested at log phase. In contrast,<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Paratyphi A was equally susceptible to killing whether it was grown to the stationary or log phase. The typhoidal serovars were more susceptible to complement-mediated killing than were the nontyphoidal serovars. Lastly, the SBA endpoint titers correlated with serum IgG anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) titers in mice immunized with mucosally administered<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium,<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis, and<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Paratyphi A but not<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi live attenuated vaccines. The SBA assay described here is a useful tool for measuring functional antibodies elicited by<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>vaccine candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00115-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]],"date-time":"2014-03-13T04:34:17Z","timestamp":1394685257000},"page":"712-721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Serum Bactericidal Assays To Evaluate Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonella Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mary Adetinuke","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Tennant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venant A.","family":"Saague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khitam","family":"Muhsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Galen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcela F.","family":"Pasetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myron M.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073731_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis024","article-title":"Typhoid fever and the challenge of nonmalaria febrile illness in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"54","author":"Crump","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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