{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T22:44:32Z","timestamp":1769121872564,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Natural immunity to meningococcal disease in young children is associated epidemiologically with carriage of commensal\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n            species, including\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria lactamica<\/jats:italic>\n            . We have previously demonstrated that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from\n            <jats:italic>N. lactamica<\/jats:italic>\n            provide protection against lethal challenge in a mouse model of meningococcal septicemia. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an\n            <jats:italic>N. lactamica<\/jats:italic>\n            OMV vaccine in a phase I placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Ninety-seven healthy young adult male volunteers were randomized to receive three doses of either an OMV vaccine or an Alhydrogel control. Subsequently, some subjects who had received the OMV vaccine also received a fourth dose of OMV vaccine, 6 months after the third dose. Injection site reactions were more frequent in the OMV-receiving group, but all reactions were mild or moderate in intensity. The OMV vaccine was immunogenic, eliciting rises in titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the vaccine OMVs, together with a significant booster response, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the vaccine induced modest cross-reactive immunity to six diverse strains of serogroup B\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            , including IgG against meningococcal OMVs, serum bactericidal antibodies, and opsonophagocytic activity. The percentages of subjects showing \u22654-fold rises in bactericidal antibody titer obtained were similar to those previously reported for the Norwegian meningococcal OMV vaccine against the same heterologous meningococcal strain panel. In conclusion, this\n            <jats:italic>N. lactamica<\/jats:italic>\n            OMV vaccine is safe and induces a weak but broad humoral immune response to\n            <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00118-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,25]],"date-time":"2009-06-25T02:01:21Z","timestamp":1245895281000},"page":"1113-1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Phase I Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Meningococcal Disease Vaccine Based on\n            <i>Neisseria lactamica<\/i>\n            Outer Membrane Vesicles"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Gorringe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury SP4 0JG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury SP4 0JG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury SP4 0JG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Matheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury SP4 0JG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Finney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury SP4 0JG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moyra","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury SP4 0JG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury SP4 0JG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Findlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Health Protection Agency North West, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Borrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Health Protection Agency North West, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, Colindale, London NW9 5EQ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kafatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, Colindale, London NW9 5EQ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cariad M.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Of Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Of Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.5.599-605.2005","volume":"12","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aaberge, I. 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