{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:47:27Z","timestamp":1789555647706,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    infections occur worldwide in humans and animals. In immunocompromised or prenatally infected humans,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    can cause severe clinical symptoms. The identification of specific epitopes on\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    antigens is essential for the improvement and standardization of the serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. We selected 20 peptides mimicking linear epitopes on GRA1, GRA2, GRA4, and MIC3 antigenic\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    proteins\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    using the software ABCpred. A further 18 peptides representing previously published epitopes derived from GRA1, SAG1, NTPase1, and NTPase2 antigens were added to the panel. A peptide microarray assay was established to prove the diagnostic performance of the selected peptides with human serum samples. Seropositive human serum samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 184) were collected from patients presenting with acute toxoplasmosis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 21), latent\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    infection (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 53), and inactive ocular toxoplasmosis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 10) and from seropositive forest workers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 100). To adjust the cutoff values for each peptide, sera from seronegative forest workers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 75) and patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 65) were used. Univariate logistic regression suggested the significant diagnostic potential of eight novel and two previously published peptides. A test based on these peptides had an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 69% (100% in ocular toxoplasmosis patients, 86% in acutely infected patients, 81% in latently infected patients, and 57% in seropositive forest workers). The analysis of seronegative sera performed with these peptides revealed a diagnostic specificity of 84%. The results of our study suggest that the use of a bioinformatic approach for epitope prediction in combination with peptide microarray testing is a powerful method for the selection of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    epitopes as candidate antigens for serological diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00119-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]],"date-time":"2012-04-12T02:05:13Z","timestamp":1334196313000},"page":"865-874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Peptide Microarray Analysis of\n                    <i>In Silico<\/i>\n                    -Predicted Epitopes for Serological Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pavlo","family":"Maksimov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Wusterhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Zerweck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Maksimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Wusterhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Hotop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and National Consulting Laboratory for Toxoplasma, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and National Consulting Laboratory for Toxoplasma, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Pleyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Spekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"D\u00e4ubener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Werdermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeits- und Sozialhygiene Stiftung, Kyritz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Niederstrasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helios Kliniken, Bad Saarow, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckhardt","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer G.","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz J.","family":"Conraths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Wusterhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gereon","family":"Schares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Wusterhausen, 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