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To provide a simple, needle-free, and broad-spectrum protein antigen delivery platform, we developed novel potassium-doped hydroxyapatite (K-Hap) microparticles with improved protein loading capabilities that can provide sustained local antigen presentation and release. K-Hap showed increased protein adsorption over regular hydroxyapatite (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001), good structural retention of the model antigen (CRM<jats:sub>197<\/jats:sub>) with 1% decrease in \u03b1-helix content and no change in \u03b2-sheet content upon adsorption, and sustained release<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Needle-free intradermal powder inoculation with K-Hap\u2013CRM<jats:sub>197<\/jats:sub>induced significantly higher IgG1 geometric mean titers (GMTs) than IgG2a GMTs in a BALB\/c mouse model (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) and induced IgG titer levels that were not different from the current clinical standard (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt; 0.05), namely, alum-adsorbed CRM<jats:sub>197<\/jats:sub>by intramuscular (i.m.) delivery. The presented results suggest that K-Hap microparticles may be used as a novel needle-free delivery vehicle for some protein antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00121-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T09:16:28Z","timestamp":1427361388000},"page":"586-592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Needle-Free Dermal Delivery of a Diphtheria Toxin CRM<sub>197<\/sub>Mutant on Potassium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Microparticles"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nikolas T.","family":"Weissmueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko A.","family":"Schiffter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Carlisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine 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