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Here, we show that interleukin-23 (IL-23), a survival factor for Th17 cells, is required for the induction of arthritis in mice vaccinated with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>strain 297 and challenged with \u201c<jats:italic>Borrelia bissettii<\/jats:italic>.\u201d When<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-vaccinated and -challenged mice were given antibodies to the p19 subunit of IL-23, they failed to develop the histopathological changes observed in untreated vaccinated and challenged mice. In addition, viable<jats:italic>B. bissettii<\/jats:italic>organisms stimulated the secretion of IL-17 from<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-immune lymph node cells during in vitro culture. When anti-IL-23 p19 antibody was included in cultures of<jats:italic>B. bissettii<\/jats:italic>organisms and<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-immune lymph node cells, the production of IL-17 was reduced to levels observed in cultures containing immune cells alone. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that Th17 cell-associated cytokines are involved in the development of<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-mediated arthritis. These findings provide insight into previously overlooked immune mechanisms responsible for the development of Lyme arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00129-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,26]],"date-time":"2008-06-26T01:09:35Z","timestamp":1214442575000},"page":"1199-1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Interleukin-23 Is Required for Development of Arthritis in Mice Vaccinated and Challenged with<i>Borrelia<\/i>Species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Kotloski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene"},{"name":"Departments of Bacteriology"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Pathobiological Sciences"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean T.","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene"},{"name":"Departments of Bacteriology"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Pathobiological Sciences"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Heil","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene"},{"name":"Departments of Bacteriology"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Pathobiological Sciences"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Torrealba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene"},{"name":"Departments of Bacteriology"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Pathobiological Sciences"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene"},{"name":"Departments of Bacteriology"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Pathobiological Sciences"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Callister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene"},{"name":"Departments of Bacteriology"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Pathobiological Sciences"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald F.","family":"Schell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene"},{"name":"Departments of Bacteriology"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Pathobiological Sciences"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207577200","volume":"278","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aggarwal, S., N. 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