{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T18:10:40Z","timestamp":1649009440807},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The immunogenicity of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            capsule (poly-\u03b3-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glutamic acid [PGA]) conjugated to recombinant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            protective antigen (rPA) or to tetanus toxoid (TT) was evaluated in two anthrax-naive juvenile chimpanzees. In a previous study of these conjugates, highly protective monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PGA were generated. This study examines the polyclonal antibody response of the same animals. Preimmune antibodies to PGA with titers of &gt;10\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            were detected in the chimpanzees. The maximal titer of anti-PGA was induced within 1 to 2 weeks following the 1st immunization, with no booster effects following the 2nd and 3rd immunizations. Thus, the anti-PGA response in the chimpanzees resembled a secondary immune response. Screening of sera from nine unimmunized chimpanzees and six humans revealed antibodies to PGA in all samples, with an average titer of 10\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            . An anti-PA response was also observed following immunization with PGA-rPA conjugate, similar to that seen following immunization with rPA alone. However, in contrast to anti-PGA, preimmune anti-PA antibody titers and those following the 1st immunization were \u2264300, with the antibodies peaking above 10\n            <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n            following the 2nd immunization. The polyclonal anti-PGA shared the MAb 11D epitope and, similar to the MAbs, exerted opsonophagocytic killing of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Most important, the PGA-TT\u2013induced antibodies protected mice from a lethal challenge with virulent\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            spores. Our data support the use of PGA conjugates, especially PGA-rPA targeting both toxin and capsule, as expanded-spectrum anthrax vaccines.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00137-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]],"date-time":"2015-06-04T11:25:39Z","timestamp":1433417139000},"page":"902-908","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bacillus anthracis Capsular Conjugates Elicit Chimpanzee Polyclonal Antibodies That Protect Mice from Pulmonary Anthrax"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhaochun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schneerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Lovchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongdong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kubler-Kielb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liane","family":"Agulto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Leppla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.140655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.52.2.509-512.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.52.2.356-363.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1633512100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834478100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00366-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M509432200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401351101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.22.7765-7772.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.49.2.291-297.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.2.722-730.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01710.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.52.2.454-458.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(91)90053-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(91)90237-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"486","article-title":"The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. 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