{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T23:25:46Z","timestamp":1768087546851,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Activated monocytes\/macrophages and T lymphocytes that produce a cytokine storm are assumed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of dengue. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is increased during dengue and known to induce gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), which is crucial for dengue immune response. No data are available regarding the balance between IL-18 and its natural inhibitor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and how they interact within the inflammatory reaction of patients with dengue virus infections. Circulating levels of IL-18; IL-18BP; free, biologically active IL-18; the IL-18-dependent proinflammatory cytokine IFN-\u03b3; monocyte-derived cytokines; and ferritin were assessed in adult Indonesian dengue patients (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 95). Healthy individuals (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 22) and leptospirosis (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 19) and enteric fever (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 6) patients served as controls. Total IL-18 levels were increased during dengue, leptospirosis, and enteric fever compared to healthy controls. However, due to a concurrent increase in IL-18BP levels, biologically active IL-18 levels remained similar in the different phases of dengue and in patients with leptospirosis. Biologically active IL-18 levels were also similar in patients with severe and nonsevere dengue. In conclusion, high total IL-18 and IL-18BP levels concur in dengue virus infections, leptospirosis, and enteric fever. This resulted in unchanged levels of free, biologically active IL-18 in dengue and leptospirosis, which underlines the importance of measuring both IL-18 and IL-18BP when studying the role of IL-18 in diseases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00147-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T02:52:04Z","timestamp":1429152724000},"page":"650-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Normal Free Interleukin-18 (IL-18) Plasma Levels in Dengue Virus Infection and the Need To Measure Both Total IL-18 and IL-18 Binding Protein Levels"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Meta","family":"Michels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quirijn","family":"de Mast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihai G.","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo A.","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Dinarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pandji I. F.","family":"Rudiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Sinarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudi","family":"Wisaksana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bachti","family":"Alisjahbana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 J. A. M.","family":"van der Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"WHO\/HTM\/NTD\/DEN\/2009.1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2009. Dengue: guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. WHO\/HTM\/NTD\/DEN\/2009.1. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01474.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-430090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001663"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01575.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.2064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-014-0683-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2014.971052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.1.166-169.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80013-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2009.0077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2001.0914"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00147-15","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00147-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T21:29:01Z","timestamp":1622582941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00147-15"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"H. 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