{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T08:37:09Z","timestamp":1767861429295,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"OMRF Lou C. Kerr Chair in Biomedical Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI062629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI062629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 GM104938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 GM104938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 GM103510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 GM103510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Edema toxin (ET), composed of edema factor (EF) and protective antigen (PA), is a virulence factor of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            that alters host immune cell function and contributes to anthrax disease. Anthrax vaccine precipitated (AVP) contains low but detectable levels of EF and can elicit EF-specific antibodies in human recipients of AVP. Active and passive vaccination of mice with EF can contribute to protection from challenge with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            spores or ET. This study compared humoral responses to ET in recipients of AVP (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 33) versus anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA;\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 66), matched for number of vaccinations and time postvaccination, and further determined whether EF antibodies elicited by AVP contribute to ET neutralization. AVP induced higher incidence (77.8%) and titer (229.8 \u00b1 58.6) of EF antibodies than AVA (4.2% and 7.8 \u00b1 8.3, respectively), reflecting the reported low but detectable presence of EF in AVP. In contrast, PA IgG levels and ET neutralization measured using a luciferase-based cyclic AMP reporter assay were robust and did not differ between the two vaccine groups. Multiple regression analysis failed to detect an independent contribution of EF antibodies to ET neutralization in AVP recipients; however, EF antibodies purified from AVP sera neutralized ET. Serum samples from at least half of EF IgG-positive AVP recipients bound to nine decapeptides located in EF domains II and III. Although PA antibodies are primarily responsible for ET neutralization in recipients of AVP, increased amounts of an EF component should be investigated for the capacity to enhance next-generation, PA-based vaccines.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00165-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T03:15:33Z","timestamp":1504754133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated Induces Edema Toxin-Neutralizing, Edema Factor-Specific Antibodies in Human Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Eric K.","family":"Dumas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Larabee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Pate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Cuthbertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"Hallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata J. 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