{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:04:57Z","timestamp":1787508297709,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease and is considered to be the most widespread zoonotic disease in the world. It can be misdiagnosed because manifestations of this febrile disease vary from mild flu-like symptoms to severe illness involving vital organs such as the liver and lungs. Therefore, accurate diagnosis for differentiation of leptospirosis from other pyrogenic infections prevailing in the same locality is imperative for proper treatment. Here, we report a customized recombinant leptospirosis multiepitope protein (r-LMP) that can specifically detect the immunoglobulin class of anti-leptospirosis antibodies in patient sera. Immunodominant epitopes from leptospire outer membrane proteins OmpL1, LipL21, and LipL32 were predicted and confirmed using phage display and immunity reaction. On the basis of the sequences of the identified epitopes, five major immunodominant epitopes were selected to construct a synthetic gene, recombinant\n                    <jats:italic>lmp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The recombinant\n                    <jats:italic>lmp<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was doubled and expressed in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The recombinant protein was purified and used as an antigen to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of special immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG in sera from patients with leptospirosis or other febrile illnesses and healthy subjects. The results showed that the r-LMP protein recognized IgG and IgM in all the sera that were microscope agglutination test positive, and there were no cross-reactions with other patient sera. This approach of creating customized antigens coupled to overexpression and simple purification offers a promising alternative option for leptospirosis diagnosis, with the potential to circumvent the drawbacks of whole-leptospirosis-antigen-based assays.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00189-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]],"date-time":"2008-09-30T23:29:11Z","timestamp":1222817351000},"page":"1711-1714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Recombinant Multiepitope Protein for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xu'ai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Basic Medical Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Basic Medical Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Basic Medical Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.803-809.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","volume":"3","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bharti, A. R., J. E. Nally, J. N. Ricaldi, M. A. Matthias, M. M. Diaz, M. A. Lovett, P. N. Levett, R. H. Gilman, M. R. Willig, E. Gotuzzo, J. M. Vinetz, et al. 2003. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect. Dis.3:757-771.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00219-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.07.001","volume":"96","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bruce, M. G., E. J. Sanders, J. A. Leake, O. Zaidel, S. L. Bragg, T. Aye, K. A. Shutt, C. C. Deseda, J. G. Rigau-Perez, J. W. Tappero, B. A. Perkins, R. A. Spiegel, and D. A. Ashford. 2005. Leptospirosis among patients presenting with dengue-like illness in Puerto Rico. Acta Trop.96:36-46.","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1464-1469.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Guidelines for the control of leptospirosis. 1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3303-3310.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1853-1855.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80012-9","volume":"354","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ko, A. I., M. Galvao Reis, C. M. Ribeiro Dourado, W. D. Johnson, L. W. Riley, et al. 1999. Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Lancet354:820-825.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1105.041212","volume":"11","year":"2005","unstructured":"LaRocque, R. C., R. F. Breiman, M. D. Ari, R. E. Morey, F. A. Janan, J. M. Hayes, M. A. Hossain, W. A. Brooks, and P. N. Levett. 2005. Leptospirosis during dengue outbreak, Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis.11:766-769.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"343","volume":"28","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin, X. A., J. P. Pan, Y. H. Luo, Y. F. Mao, L. W. Li, and J. Yan. 2008. Prediction and identification of antigenic epitopes in genus-specific outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL21 of Leptospira interrogans. Chin. J. Microbiol. Immunol.28:343-347. (In Chinese.)","journal-title":"Chin. J. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2006.06.007","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mariya, R., P. Chaudhary, A. A. Kumar, E. Thangapandian, R. Amutha, and S. K. Srivastava. 2006. Evaluation of a recombinant LipL41 antigen of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola in ELISA for serodiagnosis of bovine leptospirosis. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.29:269-277.","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c","volume":"18","year":"2005","unstructured":"McBride, A. J., D. A. Athanazio, M. G. Reis, and A. I. Ko. 2005. Leptospirosis. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis.18:376-386.","journal-title":"Leptospirosis. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-007-0273-2","volume":"188","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neves, F. O., P. A. Abreu, S. A. Vasconcellos, Z. M. de Morais, E. C. Romero, and A. L. Nascimento. 2007. Identification of a novel potential antigen for early-phase serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. Arch. Microbiol.188:523-532.","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02317-3","volume":"24","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nizamuddin, M., U. Tuteja, J. Shukla, L. Nair, and J. Sudarsana. 2006. Early diagnosis of human leptospirosis by antigen detection in blood. Indian J. Med. Microbiol.24:342-345.","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-95","volume":"6","year":"2006","unstructured":"Slack, A. T., M. L. Symonds, M. F. Dohnt, and L. D. Smythe. 2006. Identification of pathogenic Leptospira species by conventional or real-time PCR and sequencing of the DNA gyrase subunit B encoding gene. BMC Microbiol.6:95.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"329","volume":"47","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sun, B. L., Z. Q. Guo, D. J. Luo, J. D. Sun, and J. Yan. 2007. Membrane location and naturally antibody responses of genus-specific antigen OmpL 1s of Leptospira interrogans. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao47:329-334. (In Chinese.)","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"9","volume":"34","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xu, L., H. J. Yan, P. Ruan, and Y. F. Mao. 2005. Immune functional epitopes and inflammation inducing effects of the major outer envelope proteins of Leptospira interrogans. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban34:9-14. (In Chinese.)","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00189-08","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00189-08","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T11:54:23Z","timestamp":1627559663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00189-08"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00189-08"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00189-08","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-05-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-09-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}