{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:46:44Z","timestamp":1791348404260,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ticks introduce a variety of pharmacologically active molecules into their host during attachment and feeding in order to obtain a blood meal. People who are repeatedly exposed to ticks may develop an immune response to tick salivary proteins. Despite this response, people usually are unaware of having been bitten, especially if they are not repeatedly exposed to ticks. In order to develop a laboratory marker of tick exposure that would be useful in understanding the epidemiology of tick-borne infection and the immune response to tick bite, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibody to a recombinant form of calreticulin protein found in the salivary glands of\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a member of a complex of\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks that serve as the vectors for Lyme disease, human babesiosis, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Using this assay, we tested sera obtained from C3H\/HeN and BALB\/c mice before and after experimental deer tick infestation. These mice developed antibody to\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    calreticulin antigen after infestation. We then used the same assay to test sera obtained from people before and after they experienced deer tick bite(s). People experiencing deer tick bite(s) developed\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    calreticulin-specific antibody responses that persisted for up to 17 months. This\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    recombinant calreticulin ELISA provides objective evidence of deer tick exposure in people.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00201-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,7]],"date-time":"2006-11-07T13:02:51Z","timestamp":1162904571000},"page":"1217-1222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Confirmation of Tick Bite by Detection of Antibody to\n                    <i>Ixodes<\/i>\n                    Calreticulin Salivary Protein"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Alarcon-Chaidez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Wikel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Dardick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Lawler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo M.","family":"Foppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29212"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricio","family":"Tomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Cushman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Spielman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith R.","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filiciano","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaber","family":"Aslanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63082-7","volume":"79","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beaudouin, E., G. 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