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Short-term cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            RD1 antigens 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6) and 10-kDa culture filtrate antigen (CFP10), which are induced in the early infection phase, have been mainly used to assess T cell multifunctionality, although long-term culture assays have been proposed to be more sensitive than short-term assays for assessment of memory T cells, which are essential for long-term immunity. Here we used a long-term culture assay system to study the T cell immune responses to the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            latency-associated DosR antigens and reactivation-associated Rpf antigens, compared to ESAT6 and CFP10, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and household contacts of PTB patients with long-term latent tuberculosis infection (ltLTBI), in a community in which\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            is endemic. Our results showed that the DosR antigens Rv1737c (\n            <jats:italic>narK2<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and Rv2029c (\n            <jats:italic>pfkB<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and the Rv2389c (\n            <jats:italic>rpfD<\/jats:italic>\n            ) antigen of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            induced higher frequencies of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            or CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            mono- or bifunctional (but not multifunctional) T cells producing interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3) and\/or tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-\u03b1) in ltLTBI, compared to PTB. Moreover, the frequencies of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            and\/or CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells with a CD45RO\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CD27\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            phenotype were higher in ltLTBI than in PTB. Thus, the immune responses to selected DosR and Rpf antigens may be associated with long-term latency, correlating with protection from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            reactivation in ltLTBI. Further study of the functional and memory phenotypes may contribute to further discrimination between the different states of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00217-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T01:49:21Z","timestamp":1470275361000},"page":"813-824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Multifunctional T Cell Response to DosR and Rpf Antigens Is Associated with Protection in Long-Term Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Individuals in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Leonar","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Inmunolog\u00eda Celular e Inmunogen\u00e9tica, Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Inmunolog\u00eda Celular e Inmunogen\u00e9tica, Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kees L. 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