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To generate specific discriminating antibodies, we immunized rabbits, mice, and chickens with inactivated\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spores and, additionally, immunized rabbits and mice with the tetrasaccharide \u03b2-Ant-(1\u21923)-\u03b1-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -Rhap-(1\u21923)-\u03b1-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -Rhap-(1\u21922)-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -Rhap. It is a constituent of the exosporium glycoprotein BclA and contains the newly discovered sugar anthrose 2-\n            <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n            -methyl-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutamido)-4,6-dideoxy-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucose. The BclA protein is a major component of the exosporium of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spores and is decorated by the tetrasaccharide indicated above. The anthrose-containing tetrasaccharide chain seems to be highly specific for\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            , which makes it a key biomarker for the detection of these spores. The different immunizations led to anthrose-reactive polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies which were analyzed by various methods to characterize their ability to discriminate between\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            and other\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. Multiple applications, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and electron microscopy, revealed the specificities of the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies generated for\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spore detection. All polyclonal antibodies were able to correctly identify the\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains tested and showed only minimal cross-reactivities with other\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            strains. Moreover, the antibodies generated proved functional in a new capture assay for\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spores and could therefore be useful for the detection of spores in complex samples.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00235-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T01:47:02Z","timestamp":1254361622000},"page":"1728-1737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Development of Antibodies against Anthrose Tetrasaccharide for Specific Detection of\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n            Spores"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Koch-Institut, Centre for Biological Security 2, Nordufer 20, Berlin D-13353, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavol","family":"Kova\u0301c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Carbohydrates, National Institutes of Health, NIDDK, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Saksena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Carbohydrates, National Institutes of Health, NIDDK, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Bannert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Koch-Institut, Centre for Biological Security 4, Nordufer 20, Berlin D-13353, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke R.","family":"Klee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Koch-Institut, Centre for Biological Security 2, Nordufer 20, Berlin D-13353, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidrun","family":"Ranisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Koch-Institut, Centre for Biological Security 2, Nordufer 20, Berlin D-13353, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Grunow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Koch-Institut, Centre for Biological Security 2, Nordufer 20, Berlin D-13353, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2494(92)80067-U","volume":"143","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bessler, W. 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