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We investigated the acquisition of natural immunity to<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar Typhi in a region where typhoid is endemic by testing sera from an age-stratified sample of 210 healthy participants in Kathmandu, Nepal, for bactericidal activity toward<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi and for anti-Vi capsular polysaccharide antibodies. Bactericidal titers in children were significantly lower than those in newborns and adults (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001). Anti-<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi bactericidal geometric mean titers were age dependent, increasing 10-fold during childhood. Anti-Vi polysaccharide antibody geometric mean concentrations were also lower in children than in adults. Data presented here indicate the possibility of a relationship between low levels of bactericidal activity toward<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi in serum and susceptibility to disease, as observed for other polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria. Bactericidal antibody may be a marker of protective immunity against<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00245-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,27]],"date-time":"2009-08-27T02:00:27Z","timestamp":1251338427000},"page":"1413-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Kinetics of the Natural, Humoral Immune Response to<i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>Serovar Typhi in Kathmandu, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anoop S.","family":"Pulickal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and Internal Medicine, Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Clutterbuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Thorson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and Internal Medicine, Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Buddha","family":"Basynat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and Internal Medicine, Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and Internal Medicine, Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Makepeace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd","family":"Rijpkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Borrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Health Protection Agency, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy J.","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710293171801","volume":"317","year":"1987","unstructured":"Acharya, I. 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