{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T20:23:49Z","timestamp":1750364629971},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>A recently reported case of progressive vaccinia (PV) in an immunocompromised patient has refocused attention on this condition. Uniformly fatal prior to the licensure of vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) in 1978, PV was still fatal in about half of VIG-treated patients overall, with a greater mortality rate in infants and children. Additional therapies would be needed in the setting of a smallpox bioterror event, since mass vaccination following any variola virus release would inevitably result in exposure of immunocompromised people through vaccination or contact with vaccinees. Well-characterized animal models of disease can support the licensure of new products when human studies are not ethical or feasible, as in the case of PV. We chose vaccinia virus-scarified SCID mice to model PV. As in immunocompromised humans, vaccinia virus-scarified SCID animals develop enlarging primary lesions with minimal or no inflammation, eventual distal virus spread, and lethal outcomes if left untreated. Postexposure treatment with VIG slowed disease progression, caused local lesion regression, and resulted in the healthy survival of most of the mice for more than 120 days. Combination treatment with VIG and topical cidofovir also resulted in long-term disease-free survival of most of the animals, even when initiated 7 days postinfection. These results support the possibility that combination treatments may be effective in humans and support using this SCID model of PV to test new antibody therapies and combination therapies and to provide further insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of PV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00280-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,25]],"date-time":"2010-11-25T04:09:47Z","timestamp":1290658187000},"page":"67-74","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Postexposure Prevention of Progressive Vaccinia in SCID Mice Treated with Vaccinia Immune Globulin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"R. W.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Office of Management, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Office of Management, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Snoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Office of Management, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Mikolajczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Office of Management, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Office of Management, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Office of Management, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Office of Management, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3297","volume":"275","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ahmad, N., P. Cheng, and H. Mukhtar. 2000. Cell cycle dysregulation by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 275:328-334.","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"609","volume":"16","year":"1955","unstructured":"Barbero, G. J., A. Gray, T. F. Scott, and C. H. Kempe. 1955. Vaccinia gangrenosa treated with hyperimmune vaccinal gamma globulin. Pediatrics 16:609-618.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9458","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1233578100","volume":"100","year":"2003","unstructured":"Belyakov, I. M., et al. 2003. Shared modes of protection against poxvirus infection by attenuated and conventional smallpox vaccine viruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100:9458-9463.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01797-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1086\/374244","volume":"36","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bray, M., and M. E. Wright. 2003. Progressive vaccinia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 36:766-774.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/106.2.166","volume":"106","year":"1960","unstructured":"Bugbee, L. M., A. A. Like, and R. B. Stewart. 1960. The effects of cortisone on intradermally induced vaccinia infection in rabbits. J. Infect. Dis. 106:166-173.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"532","volume":"58","year":"2009","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Progressive vaccinia in a military smallpox vaccinee\u2014United States, 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 58:532-536.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117701","volume":"95","year":"1995","unstructured":"Da\u00ebron, M., O. Malbec, S. Latour, M. Arock, and W. H. Fridman. 1995. Regulation of high-affinity IgE receptor-mediated mast cell activation by murine low-affinity IgG receptors. J. Clin. Invest. 95:577-585.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00532-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.107.6.1576","volume":"107","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dvorak, H. F., and M. S. Hirsch. 1971. Role of basophilic leukocytes in cellular immunity to vaccinia virus infection. J. Immunol. 107:1576-1582.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1261","volume":"11","year":"2005","unstructured":"Edghill-Smith, Y., et al. 2005. Smallpox vaccine-induced antibodies are necessary and sufficient for protection against monkeypox virus. Nat. Med. 11:740-747.","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700600402","volume":"60","year":"1948","unstructured":"Fenner, F. 1948. The clinical features and pathogenesis of mouse-pox (infectious ectromelia of mice). J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 60:529-552.","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Smallpox and its eradication. 1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.07.030","volume":"393","year":"2009","unstructured":"Foong, Y. Y., D. A. Jans, M. S. Rolph, M. E. Gahan, and S. Mahalingam. 2009. Interleukin-15 mediates potent antiviral responses via an interferon-dependent mechanism. Virology 393:228-237.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1086\/375825","volume":"37","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fulginiti, V. A., A. Papier, J. M. Lane, J. M. Neff, and D. A. Henderson. 2003. Smallpox vaccination: a review, part II. Adverse events. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37:251-271.","journal-title":"Adverse events. Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"129","volume":"4","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fulginiti, V. A., C. H. Kempe, W. E. Hathaway, D. S. Pearlman, O. F. Sieber, J. J. Eller, J. J. Joyner, and A. Robinson. 1967. Progression vaccinia in immunologically deficient individuals. Birth Defects 4:129-145.","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00079203","volume":"24","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gerber, A., et al. 2004. Proteasome inhibitors modulate chemokine production in lung epithelial and monocytic cells. Eur. Respir. J. 24:40-48.","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)30945-2","volume":"7","year":"1960","unstructured":"Good, R. A., S. J. Zak, R. M. Condie, and R. A. Bridges. 1960. Clinical investigation of patients with agammaglobulinemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 7:397-433.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00163-6","volume":"15","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hanlon, C. A., et al. 1997. A recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus in the immunocompromised host: oral innocuity, progressive parenteral infection, and therapeutics. Vaccine 15:140-148.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082835","volume":"206","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kawakami, Y., et al. 2009. Inhibition of NK cell activity by IL-17 allows vaccinia virus to induce severe skin lesions in a mouse model of eczema vaccinatum. J. Exp. Med. 206:1219-1225.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.28.138.110","volume":"28","year":"1953","unstructured":"Keidan, S. E., K. McCarthy, and J. C. Haworth. 1953. Fatal generalized vaccinia with failure of antibody production and absence of serum gamma globulin. Arch. Dis. Child. 28:110-116.","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80660-0","volume":"86","year":"2005","unstructured":"Law, M., M. M. Putz, and G. L. Smith. 2005. An investigation of the therapeutic value of vaccinia-immune IgG in a mouse pneumonia model. J. Gen. Virol. 86:991-1000.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.01.038","volume":"27","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lustig, S., et al. 2009. Effective post-exposure protection against lethal orthopoxviruses infection by vaccinia immune globulin involves induction of adaptive immune response. Vaccine 27:1691-1699.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890410312","volume":"41","year":"1993","unstructured":"Neyts, J., and E. De Clercq. 1993. Efficacy of (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine for the treatment of lethal vaccinia virus infections in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice. J. Med. Virol. 41:242-246.","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2267-2273.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.2842-2847.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.8.4332","volume":"164","year":"2000","unstructured":"Okayama, Y., A. S. Kirshenbaum, and D. D. Metcalfe. 2000. Expression of a functional high-affinity IgG receptor, Fc gamma RI, on human mast cells: up-regulation by IFN-gamma. J. Immunol. 164:4332-4339.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006592","volume":"4","year":"2009","unstructured":"Osorio, J. E., K. P. Iams, C. U. Meteyer, and T. E. Rocke. 2009. Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging. PLoS One 4:e6592.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01327.x","volume":"11","year":"2009","unstructured":"Postigo, A., M. C. Martin, M. P. Dodding, and M. Way. 2009. Vaccinia-induced epidermal growth factor receptor-MEK signalling and the anti-apoptotic protein F1L synergize to suppress cell death during infection. Cell. Microbiol. 11:1208-1218.","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.02.003","volume":"63","year":"2004","unstructured":"Quenelle, D. C., D. J. Collins, and E. R. Kern. 2004. Cutaneous infections of mice with vaccinia or cowpox viruses and efficacy of cidofovir. Antiviral Res. 63:33-40.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.2.404-412.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198703123161106","volume":"316","year":"1987","unstructured":"Redfield, R. R., et al. 1987. Disseminated vaccinia in a military recruit with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 316:673-676.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01986-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.7.2634-2641.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.09.004","volume":"6","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shelburne, C. P., et al. 2009. Mast cells augment adaptive immunity by orchestrating dendritic cell trafficking through infected tissues. Cell Host Microbe 6:331-342.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(01)00159-0","volume":"52","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smee, D. F., K. W. Bailey, M. H. Wong, and R. W. Sidwell. 2001. Effects of cidofovir on the pathogenesis of a lethal vaccinia virus respiratory infection in mice. Antiviral Res. 52:55-62.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1086\/422696","volume":"190","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smee, D. F., K. W. Bailey, M. H. Wong, M. K. Wandersee, and R. W. Sidwell. 2004. Topical cidofovir is more effective than is parenteral therapy for treatment of progressive vaccinia in immunocompromised mice. J. Infect. Dis. 190:1132-1139.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1086\/587668","volume":"46","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vora, S., et al. 2008. Severe eczema vaccinatum in a household contact of a smallpox vaccinee. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46:1555-1561.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"1","volume":"52","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wharton, M., et al. 2003. Recommendations for using smallpox vaccine in a pre-event vaccination program. Supplemental recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR Recomm. Rep. 52:1-16.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.136.2.277","volume":"136","year":"1972","unstructured":"Worthington, M., A. S. Rabson, and S. Baron. 1972. Mechanism of recovery from systemic vaccinia virus infection. I. The effects of cyclophosphamide. J. Exp. Med. 136:277-290.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.009","volume":"25","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., et al. 2007. A protein-based smallpox vaccine protects mice from vaccinia and ectromelia virus challenges when given as a prime and single boost. Vaccine 25:1214-1224.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940201)73:3+<794::AID-CNCR2820731308>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"73","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zuckier, L. S., L. Georgescu, C. J. Chang, M. D. Scharff, and S. L. Morrison. 1994. The use of severe combined immunodeficiency mice to study the metabolism of human immunoglobulin G. Cancer 73:794-799.","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00280-10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00280-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T08:29:10Z","timestamp":1685867350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00280-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00280-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00280-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-07-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-11-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-01-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}