{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T17:54:28Z","timestamp":1765994068643},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Scrub typhus, caused by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection, is one of the main causes of acute febrile illness in the Asian-Pacific region. Although early diagnosis and immediate antibiotic treatment are critical for reducing disease severity and mortality, current diagnostic methods using serological and molecular approaches have some limitations in sensitivity and applicability in clinical laboratories. In this study, we identified and characterized\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:named-content>\n            surface cell antigen (\n            <jats:italic>sca<\/jats:italic>\n            ) family genes encoding autotransporter proteins in order to test them as novel diagnostic targets. We evaluated antibody responses against the Sca proteins in scrub typhus patient sera and examined the genetic diversity of these genes in different strains after PCR amplification. Specific antibody responses against ScaA and ScaC were observed in patients with high indirect immunofluorescence assay titers (\u22651:640), whereas specific responses against ScaB and ScaE were relatively low. Genetic analysis using genomic DNAs revealed the\n            <jats:italic>sca<\/jats:italic>\n            genes to be quite variable among the different strains. In contrast to\n            <jats:italic>scaA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>scaC<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>scaD<\/jats:italic>\n            , which were detected in all of the tested strains,\n            <jats:italic>scaB<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>scaE<\/jats:italic>\n            were amplified differentially from the different strains, suggesting a differential presence of the genes in the genomes. Among the members of the gene family, the sequence of\n            <jats:italic>scaC<\/jats:italic>\n            is the most highly conserved between the different strains, and the size of\n            <jats:italic>scaD<\/jats:italic>\n            is the most variable due to the presence of different numbers of internal repeat sequences. These results suggest that the\n            <jats:italic>sca<\/jats:italic>\n            genes of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:named-content>\n            may be valuable targets for use in combination with classical assay methods for scrub typhus diagnosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00285-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]],"date-time":"2012-07-12T03:02:16Z","timestamp":1342062136000},"page":"1442-1451","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Detection of Antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi Sca Proteins in Scrub Typhus Patients and Genetic Variation of\n            <i>sca<\/i>\n            Genes of Different Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Na-Young","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung-Sik","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ik-Sang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeon-Sook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nam-Hyuk","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05478-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01279.x","article-title":"Rickettsial outer-membrane protein B (rOmpB) mediates bacterial invasion through Ku70 in an actin, c-Cbl, clathrin and caveolin 2-dependent manner","volume":"11","author":"Chan YG","year":"2009","unstructured":"ChanYG CardwellMM HermanasTM UchiyamaT MartinezJJ. 2009. 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