{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T11:44:22Z","timestamp":1771328662857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Q fever is a widespread zoonosis caused by\n            <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            . Diagnosis of Q fever is usually based on serological testing of patient serum. The diagnostic antigen of test kits is formalin-fixed phase I and phase II organisms of the Nine Mile reference strain. Deficiencies of this antigen include (i) potential for cross-reactivity with other pathogens; (ii) an inability to distinguish between\n            <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            strains; and (iii) a need to propagate and purify\n            <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            , a difficult and potentially hazardous process. Consequently, there is a need for sensitive and specific serodiagnostic tests utilizing defined antigens, such as recombinant\n            <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            protein(s). Here we describe the use of a\n            <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            protein microarray to comprehensively identify immunodominant antigens recognized by antibody in the context of human\n            <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            infection or vaccination. Transcriptionally active PCR products corresponding to 1,988\n            <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            open reading frames (ORFs) were generated. Full-length proteins were successfully synthesized from 75% of the ORFs by using an\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            -based in vitro transcription and translation system (IVTT). Nitrocellulose microarrays were spotted with crude IVTT lysates and probed with sera from acute Q fever patients and individuals vaccinated with Q-Vax. Immune sera strongly reacted with approximately 50\n            <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            proteins, including previously identified immunogens, an ankyrin repeat-domain containing protein, and multiple hypothetical proteins. Recombinant protein corresponding to selected array-reactive antigens was generated, and the immunoreactivity was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This sensitive and high-throughput method for identifying immunoreactive\n            <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n            proteins will aid in the development of Q fever serodiagnostic tests based on recombinant antigen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00300-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,10]],"date-time":"2008-10-10T02:08:54Z","timestamp":1223604534000},"page":"1771-1779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Candidate Antigens for Q Fever Serodiagnosis Revealed by Immunoscreening of a\n            <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n            Protein Microarray"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Beare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Bouman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jozelyn","family":"Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berkay","family":"Unal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane C.","family":"Cockrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kent D.","family":"Barbian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Porcella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip L.","family":"Felgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Heinzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites"},{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technology Section, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&amp;M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77843"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State 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Ormsbee, M. Kyrkou, J. Wright, D. A. Worswick, A. A. Izzo, A. Esterman, B. Feery, and R. A. Shapiro. 1990. Vaccine prophylaxis of abattoir-associated Q fever: eight years\u2019 experience in Australian abattoirs. Epidemiol. Infect.104:275-287.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.07.003","volume":"9","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mora, M., C. Donati, D. Medini, A. Covacci, and R. Rappuoli. 2006. Microbial genomes and vaccine design: refinements to the classical reverse vaccinology approach. Curr. Opin. Microbiol.9:532-536.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. 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