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Studies from our group and others have used a mouse-based<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>model system to assess correlates of protection. Here, using this coculture system and a panel of whole-cell vaccines with varied efficacy, we developed a comprehensive approach to understand correlates of protection. We compared the gene and protein expression profiles of vaccine-generated immune peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to the profiles found in immune splenocytes. PBLs not only represent a clinically relevant cell population, but comparing the expression in these populations gave insight into compartmentally specific mechanisms of protection. Additionally, we performed a direct comparison of host responses induced when immune cells were cocultured with either the vaccine strain<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:named-content>BCG or virulent<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>. These comparisons revealed host-specific and bacterium-specific factors involved in protection against virulent<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>. Most significantly, we identified a set of 13 core molecules induced in the most protective vaccines under all of the conditions tested. Further validation of this panel of mediators as a predictor of vaccine efficacy will facilitate vaccine development, and determining how each promotes adaptive immunity will advance our understanding of antimycobacterial immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00301-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T02:09:32Z","timestamp":1439431772000},"page":"1096-1108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Correlates of Vaccine-Induced Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Revealed in Comparative Analyses of Lymphocyte Populations"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sherry L.","family":"Kurtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Elkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2014. 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