{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T01:05:32Z","timestamp":1780794332440,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI084873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI084873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. garinii<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. afzelii<\/jats:named-content>\n            are all agents of Lyme disease in different geographic locations. If left untreated, Lyme disease can cause significant and long-term morbidity, which may continue after appropriate antibiotic therapy has been administered and live bacteria are no longer detectable. The increasing incidence and geographic spread of Lyme disease are renewing interest in the vaccination of at-risk populations. We took the approach of vaccinating mice with two targeted mutant strains of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            that, unlike the parental strain, are avirulent in mice. Mice vaccinated with both strains were protected against a challenge with the parental strain and a heterologous\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain by either needle inoculation or tick bite. In ticks, the homologous strain was eliminated but the heterologous strain was not, suggesting that the vaccines generated a response to antigens that are produced by the bacteria both early in mammalian infection and in the tick. Partial protection against\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. garinii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection was also conferred. Protection was antibody mediated, and reactivity to a variety of proteins was observed. These experiments suggest that live attenuated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains may be informative regarding the identification of protective antigens produced by the bacteria and recognized by the mouse immune system\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . Further work may illuminate new candidates that are effective and safe for the development of Lyme disease vaccines.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00302-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T14:22:53Z","timestamp":1466691773000},"page":"725-731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Live Attenuated Borrelia burgdorferi Targeted Mutants in an Infectious Strain Background Protect Mice from Challenge Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Beth L.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia J.","family":"Padmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Ristow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenifer","family":"Coburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2013. Three sudden cardiac deaths associated with Lyme carditis\u2014United States November 2012\u2013July 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 62:993\u2013996. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6249a1.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Forrester JD Meiman J Mullins J Nelson R Ertel SH Cartter M Brown CM Lijewski V Schiffman E Neitzel D Daly ER Mathewson AA Howe W Lowe LA Kratz NR Semple S Backenson PB White JL Kurpiel PM Rockwell R Waller K Johnson DH Steward C Batten B Blau D DeLeon-Carnes M Drew C Muehlenbachs A Ritter J Sanders J Zaki SR Molins C Schriefer M Perea A Kugeler K Nelson C Hinckley A Mead P. 2014. Notes from the field: update on Lyme carditis groups at high risk and frequency of associated sudden cardiac death\u2014United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63:982\u2013983. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6343a4.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.54.3.897-898.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Vaccination of hamsters against experimental infection with Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"263","author":"Johnson RC","year":"1986","unstructured":"Johnson RC, Kodner CL, Russell ME. 1986. Vaccination of hamsters against experimental infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. 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