{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:38:23Z","timestamp":1790858303749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The WHO recommendations for the immunization of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) differ slightly from the guidelines for uninfected children. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected infants should considerably prolong their life expectancy. The question of the response to the whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine should now be addressed, particularly in countries in which pertussis remains endemic. To evaluate the persistence of antibodies to the wP vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected children who had previously received this vaccine in routine clinical practice, we conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 18 to 36 months, born to HIV-infected mothers and living in Cameroon or the Central African Republic. We tested blood samples for antibodies to the wP vaccine and for antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (D and T, respectively) in the context of the use of a combined DTwP vaccine. We enrolled 50 HIV-infected children and 78 uninfected, HIV-exposed children in the study. A lower proportion of HIV-infected children than uninfected children had antibodies against the antigens tested for all valences of the DTwP vaccine. Agglutinin levels were substantially lower in HIV-infected than in HIV-exposed but uninfected children (30.0% versus 55.1%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.005). We also observed a high risk of low antibody levels in response to the DTwP vaccine in HIV-infected children with severe immunodeficiency (CD4 T-cell level, &lt;25%). The concentrations of antibodies induced by the DTwP vaccine were lower in HIV-infected children than in uninfected children. This study supports the need for a booster dose of the DTwP vaccine in order to maintain high antibody levels in HIV-infected children.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00312-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T02:37:35Z","timestamp":1233801455000},"page":"479-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Induces Low Antibody Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mathurin C.","family":"Tejiokem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Njamkepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ionela","family":"Gouandjika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydie","family":"Be\u0301niguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Bilong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Tene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Penda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Ngongueu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean C.","family":"Gody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Guiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Baril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'E\u0301pide\u0301miologie et de Sante\u0301 Publique"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Analyses Me\u0301dicales, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun"},{"name":"Centre Me\u0300re et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, Yaounde\u0301"},{"name":"Service de Pe\u0301diatrie, Ho\u0302pital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80288-4","volume":"115","year":"1989","unstructured":"Adamson, P. C., T. C. Wu, B. D. Meade, M. Rubin, C. R. Manclark, and P. A. Pizzo. 1989. Pertussis in a previously immunized child with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Pediatr.115:589-592.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"31","volume":"80","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2005. Pertussis vaccines\u2014WHO position paper. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec.80:31-39.","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199805000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.12.4715-4719.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.2.411","volume":"147","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cohn, S. E., K. L. Knorr, P. H. Gilligan, M. L. Smiley, and D. J. Weber. 1993. Pertussis is rare in human immunodeficiency virus disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.147:411-413.","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.6.1296","volume":"161","year":"1990","unstructured":"Doebbeling, B. N., M. L. Feilmeier, and L. A. Herwaldt. 1990. Pertussis in an adult man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J. Infect. Dis.161:1296-1298.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"471","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edwards, K. M., and M. D. Decker. 2004. Pertussis vaccine, p. 471-528. In S. A. Plotkin and W. A. Orenstein (ed.), Vaccines, 4th ed. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.12.017","volume":"25","year":"2007","unstructured":"Forsyth, K. D., C. H. Wirsing von Konig, T. Tan, J. Caro, and S. Plotkin. 2007. Prevention of pertussis: recommendations derived from the second Global Pertussis Initiative roundtable meeting. 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Med.334:349-355.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"1","volume":"55","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kretsinger, K., K. R. Broder, M. M. Cortese, M. P. Joyce, I. Ortega-Sanchez, G. M. Lee, T. Tiwari, A. C. Cohn, B. A. Slade, J. K. Iskander, C. M. Mijalski, K. H. Brown, and T. V. Murphy. 2006. Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adults: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and recommendation of ACIP, supported by the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), for use of Tdap among health-care personnel. MMWR Recommend. Rep.55:1-37.","journal-title":"MMWR Recommend. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"61","volume":"81","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moss, W. J., C. J. Clements, and N. A. Halsey. 2003. Immunization of children at risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Bull. 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A randomized double-blind trial comparing a two-component acellular to a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Senegal. Vaccine15:1606-1612.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1260","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001260","volume":"2","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tejiokem, M. C., I. Gouandjika, L. Beniguel, M. C. Zanga, G. Tene, J. C. Gody, E. Njamkepo, A. Kfutwah, I. Penda, C. Bilong, D. Rousset, R. Pouillot, F. Tangy, and L. Baril. 2007. HIV-infected children living in Central Africa have low persistence of antibodies to vaccines used in the Expanded Program on Immunization. PLoS ONE2:e1260.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00452-8","volume":"2","year":"2002","unstructured":"von K\u00f6nig, C. H., S. Halperin, M. Riffelmann, and N. Guiso. 2002. Pertussis of adults and infants. Lancet Infect. Dis.2:744-750.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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